Treatment of Pesticide-Contaminated Water Using a Selected Fungal Consortium: Study in a Batch and Packed-Bed Bioreactor

This study provides the basis for implementing a continuous treatment system for wastewater containing a pesticide mixture formed by atrazine, iprodione, and chlorpyrifos. Two fungal strains (<i>Verticilium</i> sp. H5 and <i>Metacordyceps</i> sp. H12) isolated from a biomixtu...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Marcela Levio-Raiman, Gabriela Briceño, Bárbara Leiva, Sebastián López, Heidi Schalchli, Claudio Lamilla, Cristian Bornhardt, M. Cristina Diez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-04-01
Series:Agronomy
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/743
Description
Summary:This study provides the basis for implementing a continuous treatment system for wastewater containing a pesticide mixture formed by atrazine, iprodione, and chlorpyrifos. Two fungal strains (<i>Verticilium</i> sp. H5 and <i>Metacordyceps</i> sp. H12) isolated from a biomixture of a biopurification system were able to remove different pesticide concentrations (10 to 50 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) efficiently from the liquid medium; however, the half-life of the pesticides was reduced and characterized by a T<sub>1/2</sub> of 5.4 to 9.2 d for atrazine, 3.7 to 5.8 d for iprodione, and 2.6 to 2.9 d for chlorpyrifos using the fungal consortium. The immobilization of the fungal consortium in alginate bead was effective, with the highest pesticide removal observed using an inoculum concentration of 30% wv<sup>−1</sup>. The packed-bed reactor with the immobilized fungal consortium, which was operated in the continuous mode at different flow rates (30, 60, and 90 mL h<sup>−1</sup>), required approximately 10 d to achieve removal efficiency (atrazine: 59%; iprodione: 96%; chlorpyrifos: ~85%). The bioreactor was sensitive to flow rate fluctuations but was able to recover performance quickly. The pesticide metabolites hydroxyatrazine, 3,5-dichloroaniline, and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol were produced, and a slight accumulation of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol was observed. Nevertheless, reactor removal efficiency was maintained until the study ended (60 d).
ISSN:2073-4395