Regulation of Eukaryotic RNAPs Activities by Phosphorylation
Evolutionarily conserved kinases and phosphatases regulate RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcript synthesis by modifying the phosphorylation status of the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of Rpb1, the largest subunit of RNAPII. Proper levels of Rpb1-CTD phosphorylation are required for RNA co-transcrip...
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doaj-77f6cc7840614de4abdcba89f65330bd2021-06-25T11:12:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences2296-889X2021-06-01810.3389/fmolb.2021.681865681865Regulation of Eukaryotic RNAPs Activities by PhosphorylationAraceli González-Jiménez0Adrián Campos1Francisco Navarro2Francisco Navarro3Andrés Clemente-Blanco4Olga Calvo5Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, SpainInstituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, SpainDepartamento de Biología Experimental-Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, SpainCentro de Estudios Avanzados en Aceite de Oliva y Olivar, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, SpainInstituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, SpainInstituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, SpainEvolutionarily conserved kinases and phosphatases regulate RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcript synthesis by modifying the phosphorylation status of the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of Rpb1, the largest subunit of RNAPII. Proper levels of Rpb1-CTD phosphorylation are required for RNA co-transcriptional processing and to coordinate transcription with other nuclear processes, such as chromatin remodeling and histone modification. Whether other RNAPII subunits are phosphorylated and influences their role in gene expression is still an unanswered question. Much less is known about RNAPI and RNAPIII phosphorylation, whose subunits do not contain functional CTDs. However, diverse studies have reported that several RNAPI and RNAPIII subunits are susceptible to phosphorylation. Some of these phosphorylation sites are distributed within subunits common to all three RNAPs whereas others are only shared between RNAPI and RNAPIII. This suggests that the activities of all RNAPs might be finely modulated by phosphorylation events and raises the idea of a tight coordination between the three RNAPs. Supporting this view, the transcription by all RNAPs is regulated by signaling pathways that sense different environmental cues to adapt a global RNA transcriptional response. This review focuses on how the phosphorylation of RNAPs might regulate their function and we comment on the regulation by phosphorylation of some key transcription factors in the case of RNAPI and RNAPIII. Finally, we discuss the existence of possible common mechanisms that could coordinate their activities.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2021.681865/fullphosphorylationtranscription regulationgene expressionRNA polymerase IRNA polymerase IIRNA polymerase III |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Araceli González-Jiménez Adrián Campos Francisco Navarro Francisco Navarro Andrés Clemente-Blanco Olga Calvo |
spellingShingle |
Araceli González-Jiménez Adrián Campos Francisco Navarro Francisco Navarro Andrés Clemente-Blanco Olga Calvo Regulation of Eukaryotic RNAPs Activities by Phosphorylation Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences phosphorylation transcription regulation gene expression RNA polymerase I RNA polymerase II RNA polymerase III |
author_facet |
Araceli González-Jiménez Adrián Campos Francisco Navarro Francisco Navarro Andrés Clemente-Blanco Olga Calvo |
author_sort |
Araceli González-Jiménez |
title |
Regulation of Eukaryotic RNAPs Activities by Phosphorylation |
title_short |
Regulation of Eukaryotic RNAPs Activities by Phosphorylation |
title_full |
Regulation of Eukaryotic RNAPs Activities by Phosphorylation |
title_fullStr |
Regulation of Eukaryotic RNAPs Activities by Phosphorylation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Regulation of Eukaryotic RNAPs Activities by Phosphorylation |
title_sort |
regulation of eukaryotic rnaps activities by phosphorylation |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences |
issn |
2296-889X |
publishDate |
2021-06-01 |
description |
Evolutionarily conserved kinases and phosphatases regulate RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcript synthesis by modifying the phosphorylation status of the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of Rpb1, the largest subunit of RNAPII. Proper levels of Rpb1-CTD phosphorylation are required for RNA co-transcriptional processing and to coordinate transcription with other nuclear processes, such as chromatin remodeling and histone modification. Whether other RNAPII subunits are phosphorylated and influences their role in gene expression is still an unanswered question. Much less is known about RNAPI and RNAPIII phosphorylation, whose subunits do not contain functional CTDs. However, diverse studies have reported that several RNAPI and RNAPIII subunits are susceptible to phosphorylation. Some of these phosphorylation sites are distributed within subunits common to all three RNAPs whereas others are only shared between RNAPI and RNAPIII. This suggests that the activities of all RNAPs might be finely modulated by phosphorylation events and raises the idea of a tight coordination between the three RNAPs. Supporting this view, the transcription by all RNAPs is regulated by signaling pathways that sense different environmental cues to adapt a global RNA transcriptional response. This review focuses on how the phosphorylation of RNAPs might regulate their function and we comment on the regulation by phosphorylation of some key transcription factors in the case of RNAPI and RNAPIII. Finally, we discuss the existence of possible common mechanisms that could coordinate their activities. |
topic |
phosphorylation transcription regulation gene expression RNA polymerase I RNA polymerase II RNA polymerase III |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2021.681865/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
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