Phase transitioned nuclear Oskar promotes cell division of Drosophila primordial germ cells
Germ granules are non-membranous ribonucleoprotein granules deemed the hubs for post-transcriptional gene regulation and functionally linked to germ cell fate across species. Little is known about the physical properties of germ granules and how these relate to germ cell function. Here we study two...
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doaj-7854bf4779164afcaf0f3af2070aecb22021-05-05T16:10:38ZengeLife Sciences Publications LtdeLife2050-084X2018-09-01710.7554/eLife.37949Phase transitioned nuclear Oskar promotes cell division of Drosophila primordial germ cellsKathryn E Kistler0Tatjana Trcek1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4405-8733Thomas R Hurd2Ruoyu Chen3Feng-Xia Liang4Joseph Sall5Masato Kato6Ruth Lehmann7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8454-5651Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Washington, United StatesSkirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, United StatesSkirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, CanadaSkirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, United StatesDepartment of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States; DART Microscopy Laboratory, NYU Langone Health, New York, United StatesDART Microscopy Laboratory, NYU Langone Health, New York, United StatesDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Texas, United StatesSkirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States; Department of Cell Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, United StatesGerm granules are non-membranous ribonucleoprotein granules deemed the hubs for post-transcriptional gene regulation and functionally linked to germ cell fate across species. Little is known about the physical properties of germ granules and how these relate to germ cell function. Here we study two types of germ granules in the Drosophila embryo: cytoplasmic germ granules that instruct primordial germ cells (PGCs) formation and nuclear germ granules within early PGCs with unknown function. We show that cytoplasmic and nuclear germ granules are phase transitioned condensates nucleated by Oskar protein that display liquid as well as hydrogel-like properties. Focusing on nuclear granules, we find that Oskar drives their formation in heterologous cell systems. Multiple, independent Oskar protein domains synergize to promote granule phase separation. Deletion of Oskar’s nuclear localization sequence specifically ablates nuclear granules in cell systems. In the embryo, nuclear germ granules promote germ cell divisions thereby increasing PGC number for the next generation.https://elifesciences.org/articles/37949germ cellsgerm granulesmebraneless RNP granulesphase transitionOskar protein |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Kathryn E Kistler Tatjana Trcek Thomas R Hurd Ruoyu Chen Feng-Xia Liang Joseph Sall Masato Kato Ruth Lehmann |
spellingShingle |
Kathryn E Kistler Tatjana Trcek Thomas R Hurd Ruoyu Chen Feng-Xia Liang Joseph Sall Masato Kato Ruth Lehmann Phase transitioned nuclear Oskar promotes cell division of Drosophila primordial germ cells eLife germ cells germ granules mebraneless RNP granules phase transition Oskar protein |
author_facet |
Kathryn E Kistler Tatjana Trcek Thomas R Hurd Ruoyu Chen Feng-Xia Liang Joseph Sall Masato Kato Ruth Lehmann |
author_sort |
Kathryn E Kistler |
title |
Phase transitioned nuclear Oskar promotes cell division of Drosophila primordial germ cells |
title_short |
Phase transitioned nuclear Oskar promotes cell division of Drosophila primordial germ cells |
title_full |
Phase transitioned nuclear Oskar promotes cell division of Drosophila primordial germ cells |
title_fullStr |
Phase transitioned nuclear Oskar promotes cell division of Drosophila primordial germ cells |
title_full_unstemmed |
Phase transitioned nuclear Oskar promotes cell division of Drosophila primordial germ cells |
title_sort |
phase transitioned nuclear oskar promotes cell division of drosophila primordial germ cells |
publisher |
eLife Sciences Publications Ltd |
series |
eLife |
issn |
2050-084X |
publishDate |
2018-09-01 |
description |
Germ granules are non-membranous ribonucleoprotein granules deemed the hubs for post-transcriptional gene regulation and functionally linked to germ cell fate across species. Little is known about the physical properties of germ granules and how these relate to germ cell function. Here we study two types of germ granules in the Drosophila embryo: cytoplasmic germ granules that instruct primordial germ cells (PGCs) formation and nuclear germ granules within early PGCs with unknown function. We show that cytoplasmic and nuclear germ granules are phase transitioned condensates nucleated by Oskar protein that display liquid as well as hydrogel-like properties. Focusing on nuclear granules, we find that Oskar drives their formation in heterologous cell systems. Multiple, independent Oskar protein domains synergize to promote granule phase separation. Deletion of Oskar’s nuclear localization sequence specifically ablates nuclear granules in cell systems. In the embryo, nuclear germ granules promote germ cell divisions thereby increasing PGC number for the next generation. |
topic |
germ cells germ granules mebraneless RNP granules phase transition Oskar protein |
url |
https://elifesciences.org/articles/37949 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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