Combination Effects of Plant Extracts Rich in Tannins and Saponins as Feed Additives for Mitigating in Vitro Ruminal Methane and Ammonia Formation
The objective of this experiment was to test the effects of combining plant extracts rich in tannins and saponins at varying proportions on in vitro ruminal methane and ammonia formation. Tannins were extracted from <i>Swietenia mahogani</i> leaves and saponins from <i>Sapindus rar...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-08-01
|
Series: | Animals |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/9/1531 |
id |
doaj-78aa431596b04c95977b4fb94dd0c5df |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-78aa431596b04c95977b4fb94dd0c5df2020-11-25T03:51:05ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152020-08-01101531153110.3390/ani10091531Combination Effects of Plant Extracts Rich in Tannins and Saponins as Feed Additives for Mitigating in Vitro Ruminal Methane and Ammonia FormationAnuraga Jayanegara0Yogianto Yogianto1Elizabeth Wina2Asep Sudarman3Makoto Kondo4Taketo Obitsu5Michael Kreuzer6Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, IndonesiaGraduate School of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, IndonesiaIndonesian Research Center for Animal Production, Ciawi Bogor 16002, IndonesiaDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, IndonesiaDepartment of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, JapanGraduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8528, JapanETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, SwitzerlandThe objective of this experiment was to test the effects of combining plant extracts rich in tannins and saponins at varying proportions on in vitro ruminal methane and ammonia formation. Tannins were extracted from <i>Swietenia mahogani</i> leaves and saponins from <i>Sapindus rarak</i> fruits with various solvents. The extracts obtained with the most efficient solvents (tannins: 75% water and 25% methanol; saponins: pure methanol) were then used in vitro. The treatments consisted of two substrate types (high-forage (HF) or high-concentrate (HC) diets) and five extract combinations (tannins: saponins, 1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 0:1) added at 2 mg/mL in incubation liquid. In vitro incubation was performed in four runs, with each treatment being represented with two replicates per run. The addition of plant extracts rich in tannins and saponins, either individually or in combination, decreased the methane proportion of total gas in both the HF (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and HC (<i>p</i> < 0.05) diets. The effects of the plant extracts rich in tannins and saponins were generally additive in mitigating methane emissions. Favorable associative effects between the extracts were observed in the ammonia concentration, both in the HF (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and HC (<i>p</i> < 0.01) diets and in the methane proportion of total gas, with a 1:3 mixture of tannins and saponins added to the HC diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05).https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/9/1531plant secondary compoundsmethanogenesisnitrogenruminants |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Anuraga Jayanegara Yogianto Yogianto Elizabeth Wina Asep Sudarman Makoto Kondo Taketo Obitsu Michael Kreuzer |
spellingShingle |
Anuraga Jayanegara Yogianto Yogianto Elizabeth Wina Asep Sudarman Makoto Kondo Taketo Obitsu Michael Kreuzer Combination Effects of Plant Extracts Rich in Tannins and Saponins as Feed Additives for Mitigating in Vitro Ruminal Methane and Ammonia Formation Animals plant secondary compounds methanogenesis nitrogen ruminants |
author_facet |
Anuraga Jayanegara Yogianto Yogianto Elizabeth Wina Asep Sudarman Makoto Kondo Taketo Obitsu Michael Kreuzer |
author_sort |
Anuraga Jayanegara |
title |
Combination Effects of Plant Extracts Rich in Tannins and Saponins as Feed Additives for Mitigating in Vitro Ruminal Methane and Ammonia Formation |
title_short |
Combination Effects of Plant Extracts Rich in Tannins and Saponins as Feed Additives for Mitigating in Vitro Ruminal Methane and Ammonia Formation |
title_full |
Combination Effects of Plant Extracts Rich in Tannins and Saponins as Feed Additives for Mitigating in Vitro Ruminal Methane and Ammonia Formation |
title_fullStr |
Combination Effects of Plant Extracts Rich in Tannins and Saponins as Feed Additives for Mitigating in Vitro Ruminal Methane and Ammonia Formation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Combination Effects of Plant Extracts Rich in Tannins and Saponins as Feed Additives for Mitigating in Vitro Ruminal Methane and Ammonia Formation |
title_sort |
combination effects of plant extracts rich in tannins and saponins as feed additives for mitigating in vitro ruminal methane and ammonia formation |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Animals |
issn |
2076-2615 |
publishDate |
2020-08-01 |
description |
The objective of this experiment was to test the effects of combining plant extracts rich in tannins and saponins at varying proportions on in vitro ruminal methane and ammonia formation. Tannins were extracted from <i>Swietenia mahogani</i> leaves and saponins from <i>Sapindus rarak</i> fruits with various solvents. The extracts obtained with the most efficient solvents (tannins: 75% water and 25% methanol; saponins: pure methanol) were then used in vitro. The treatments consisted of two substrate types (high-forage (HF) or high-concentrate (HC) diets) and five extract combinations (tannins: saponins, 1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 0:1) added at 2 mg/mL in incubation liquid. In vitro incubation was performed in four runs, with each treatment being represented with two replicates per run. The addition of plant extracts rich in tannins and saponins, either individually or in combination, decreased the methane proportion of total gas in both the HF (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and HC (<i>p</i> < 0.05) diets. The effects of the plant extracts rich in tannins and saponins were generally additive in mitigating methane emissions. Favorable associative effects between the extracts were observed in the ammonia concentration, both in the HF (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and HC (<i>p</i> < 0.01) diets and in the methane proportion of total gas, with a 1:3 mixture of tannins and saponins added to the HC diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05). |
topic |
plant secondary compounds methanogenesis nitrogen ruminants |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/9/1531 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT anuragajayanegara combinationeffectsofplantextractsrichintanninsandsaponinsasfeedadditivesformitigatinginvitroruminalmethaneandammoniaformation AT yogiantoyogianto combinationeffectsofplantextractsrichintanninsandsaponinsasfeedadditivesformitigatinginvitroruminalmethaneandammoniaformation AT elizabethwina combinationeffectsofplantextractsrichintanninsandsaponinsasfeedadditivesformitigatinginvitroruminalmethaneandammoniaformation AT asepsudarman combinationeffectsofplantextractsrichintanninsandsaponinsasfeedadditivesformitigatinginvitroruminalmethaneandammoniaformation AT makotokondo combinationeffectsofplantextractsrichintanninsandsaponinsasfeedadditivesformitigatinginvitroruminalmethaneandammoniaformation AT taketoobitsu combinationeffectsofplantextractsrichintanninsandsaponinsasfeedadditivesformitigatinginvitroruminalmethaneandammoniaformation AT michaelkreuzer combinationeffectsofplantextractsrichintanninsandsaponinsasfeedadditivesformitigatinginvitroruminalmethaneandammoniaformation |
_version_ |
1724488964639817728 |