A GIS-based application for volume estimation and spatial distribution analysis of tephra fallout: a case study of the 122 BC Etna eruption
<p>In this study, we demonstrate the use of a geo-spatial information system for volume estimation of fallout deposits and for identification of syn-eruptive and post-eruptive depositional mechanisms. For the first time, we present thickness distribution maps, isopachs maps, and fallout deposi...
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Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
2013-04-01
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doaj-790a6f94a2814f9abd08bcad8bd48f342020-11-24T23:24:05ZengIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)Annals of Geophysics1593-52132037-416X2013-04-0156110.4401/ag-61445834A GIS-based application for volume estimation and spatial distribution analysis of tephra fallout: a case study of the 122 BC Etna eruptionMarina Bisson0Paola Del Carlo1Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Pisa, PisaIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa<p>In this study, we demonstrate the use of a geo-spatial information system for volume estimation of fallout deposits and for identification of syn-eruptive and post-eruptive depositional mechanisms. For the first time, we present thickness distribution maps, isopachs maps, and fallout deposit volumes for the single stratigraphic units (A-F) of the 122 BC Plinian eruption of Etna, the most powerful eruption of this volcano in historical times. Thickness data collected during the field survey were organized into a geo-referenced database, and several interpolation algorithms were used to calculate the volumes of the six fallout layers of eruption (units A-F). The results are compared with those obtained using the Pyle method, which bases volume calculations on the exponential thickness-decay law of the deposits. Differences in the two methods are analyzed through applying two-dimensional (2D) and 3D geo-statistical analysis to thickness data, with an 'ideal' fallout deposit used as reference. Our approach allowed both identification of stratigraphic sections where the deposits were affected by secondary erosional or accumulation phenomena, and assessment of whether the secondary processes were caused by local morphologic conditions or by variations in eruptive dynamics (e.g., rotation of dispersal axis direction).</p>http://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/article/view/6144Geographic Information System (GIS)Tephra falloutVolume estimationEtna |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Marina Bisson Paola Del Carlo |
spellingShingle |
Marina Bisson Paola Del Carlo A GIS-based application for volume estimation and spatial distribution analysis of tephra fallout: a case study of the 122 BC Etna eruption Annals of Geophysics Geographic Information System (GIS) Tephra fallout Volume estimation Etna |
author_facet |
Marina Bisson Paola Del Carlo |
author_sort |
Marina Bisson |
title |
A GIS-based application for volume estimation and spatial distribution analysis of tephra fallout: a case study of the 122 BC Etna eruption |
title_short |
A GIS-based application for volume estimation and spatial distribution analysis of tephra fallout: a case study of the 122 BC Etna eruption |
title_full |
A GIS-based application for volume estimation and spatial distribution analysis of tephra fallout: a case study of the 122 BC Etna eruption |
title_fullStr |
A GIS-based application for volume estimation and spatial distribution analysis of tephra fallout: a case study of the 122 BC Etna eruption |
title_full_unstemmed |
A GIS-based application for volume estimation and spatial distribution analysis of tephra fallout: a case study of the 122 BC Etna eruption |
title_sort |
gis-based application for volume estimation and spatial distribution analysis of tephra fallout: a case study of the 122 bc etna eruption |
publisher |
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) |
series |
Annals of Geophysics |
issn |
1593-5213 2037-416X |
publishDate |
2013-04-01 |
description |
<p>In this study, we demonstrate the use of a geo-spatial information system for volume estimation of fallout deposits and for identification of syn-eruptive and post-eruptive depositional mechanisms. For the first time, we present thickness distribution maps, isopachs maps, and fallout deposit volumes for the single stratigraphic units (A-F) of the 122 BC Plinian eruption of Etna, the most powerful eruption of this volcano in historical times. Thickness data collected during the field survey were organized into a geo-referenced database, and several interpolation algorithms were used to calculate the volumes of the six fallout layers of eruption (units A-F). The results are compared with those obtained using the Pyle method, which bases volume calculations on the exponential thickness-decay law of the deposits. Differences in the two methods are analyzed through applying two-dimensional (2D) and 3D geo-statistical analysis to thickness data, with an 'ideal' fallout deposit used as reference. Our approach allowed both identification of stratigraphic sections where the deposits were affected by secondary erosional or accumulation phenomena, and assessment of whether the secondary processes were caused by local morphologic conditions or by variations in eruptive dynamics (e.g., rotation of dispersal axis direction).</p> |
topic |
Geographic Information System (GIS) Tephra fallout Volume estimation Etna |
url |
http://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/article/view/6144 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT marinabisson agisbasedapplicationforvolumeestimationandspatialdistributionanalysisoftephrafalloutacasestudyofthe122bcetnaeruption AT paoladelcarlo agisbasedapplicationforvolumeestimationandspatialdistributionanalysisoftephrafalloutacasestudyofthe122bcetnaeruption AT marinabisson gisbasedapplicationforvolumeestimationandspatialdistributionanalysisoftephrafalloutacasestudyofthe122bcetnaeruption AT paoladelcarlo gisbasedapplicationforvolumeestimationandspatialdistributionanalysisoftephrafalloutacasestudyofthe122bcetnaeruption |
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