Cytokinin Signaling and <i>de novo</i> Shoot Organogenesis

• Main Authors: Katarzyna Hnatuszko-Konka, Aneta Gerszberg, Izabela Weremczuk-Jeżyna, Izabela Grzegorczyk-Karolak
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-02-01
• Series: Genes
• Subjects: cytokinins; shoot induction; regeneration; gene regulation; CKs receptor; two-component system
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/2/265

The ability to restore or replace injured tissues can be undoubtedly named among the most spectacular achievements of plant organisms. One of such regeneration pathways is organogenesis, the formation of individual organs from nonmeristematic tissue sections. The process can be triggered <i>in vitro</i> by incubation on medium supplemented with phytohormones. Cytokinins are a class of phytohormones demonstrating pleiotropic effects and a powerful network of molecular interactions. The present study reviews existing knowledge on the possible sequence of molecular and genetic events behind <i>de novo</i> shoot organogenesis initiated by cytokinins. Overall, the review aims to collect reactions encompassed by cytokinin primary responses, starting from phytohormone perception by the dedicated receptors, to transcriptional reprogramming of cell fate by the last module of multistep-phosphorelays. It also includes a brief reminder of other control mechanisms, such as epigenetic reprogramming.