Epilepsy in Christianson syndrome: Two cases of Lennox–Gastaut syndrome and a review of literature
Christianson syndrome (CS) is an X-linked intellectual disorder caused by mutations in the SLC9A6 gene. Clinical features of CS include an inability to speak, truncal ataxia, postnatal microcephaly, hyperkinesis, and epilepsy. Almost all patients with CS develop drug-resistant epilepsy—its most seri...
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doaj-797d83e4556444019692f0d1e6f1f55c2020-11-25T03:25:47ZengElsevierEpilepsy & Behavior Reports2589-98642020-01-0113Epilepsy in Christianson syndrome: Two cases of Lennox–Gastaut syndrome and a review of literatureAzusa Ikeda0Ayako Yamamoto1Kazushi Ichikawa2Yu Tsuyusaki3Megumi Tsuji4Mizue Iai5Yumi Enomoto6Hiroaki Murakami7Kenji Kurosawa8Satoko Miyatake9Naomichi Matsumoto10Tomohide Goto11Department of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan; Corresponding author at: Department of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, 2-138-4, Mutsukawa, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-8555, Japan.Department of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, JapanDepartment of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, JapanDepartment of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, JapanDepartment of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, JapanDepartment of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, JapanClinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, JapanDivision of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, JapanDivision of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, JapanDepartment of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, JapanDepartment of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, JapanDepartment of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, JapanChristianson syndrome (CS) is an X-linked intellectual disorder caused by mutations in the SLC9A6 gene. Clinical features of CS include an inability to speak, truncal ataxia, postnatal microcephaly, hyperkinesis, and epilepsy. Almost all patients with CS develop drug-resistant epilepsy—its most serious complication. We report two cases of CS with drug-resistant epilpesy associated with the Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS). One patient experienced generalized tonic seizures since 9 months of age with cognitive regression, which evolved to include atonic seizures at the age of 7 years. Electroencephalography (EEG) showed generalized slow spike–wave complexes and generalized paroxysmal fast activity. Seizures remained drug-resistant despite multiple anti-seizure drugs. The second patient experienced generalized tonic seizures since the age of 17 months and arrested development. EEG showed generalized slow spike–wave complexes, with frequent atonic seizures since the age of 6 years. Electrical status epilepticus during slow-wave sleep (ESES) developed at the age of 7 years. Our cases illustrate that CS may cause LGS in addition to other developmental and epileptic encephalopathies of the neonatal and infantile period. We suggest that generalized tonic or tonic–clonic seizures and generalized slow spike–wave complexes in interictal EEG be included as potential electroclinical features of epilepsy in CS. Keywords: Epilepsy, Christianson syndrome, SLC9A6, Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, Electrical status epilepticus in slow-wave sleephttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589986419301455 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Azusa Ikeda Ayako Yamamoto Kazushi Ichikawa Yu Tsuyusaki Megumi Tsuji Mizue Iai Yumi Enomoto Hiroaki Murakami Kenji Kurosawa Satoko Miyatake Naomichi Matsumoto Tomohide Goto |
spellingShingle |
Azusa Ikeda Ayako Yamamoto Kazushi Ichikawa Yu Tsuyusaki Megumi Tsuji Mizue Iai Yumi Enomoto Hiroaki Murakami Kenji Kurosawa Satoko Miyatake Naomichi Matsumoto Tomohide Goto Epilepsy in Christianson syndrome: Two cases of Lennox–Gastaut syndrome and a review of literature Epilepsy & Behavior Reports |
author_facet |
Azusa Ikeda Ayako Yamamoto Kazushi Ichikawa Yu Tsuyusaki Megumi Tsuji Mizue Iai Yumi Enomoto Hiroaki Murakami Kenji Kurosawa Satoko Miyatake Naomichi Matsumoto Tomohide Goto |
author_sort |
Azusa Ikeda |
title |
Epilepsy in Christianson syndrome: Two cases of Lennox–Gastaut syndrome and a review of literature |
title_short |
Epilepsy in Christianson syndrome: Two cases of Lennox–Gastaut syndrome and a review of literature |
title_full |
Epilepsy in Christianson syndrome: Two cases of Lennox–Gastaut syndrome and a review of literature |
title_fullStr |
Epilepsy in Christianson syndrome: Two cases of Lennox–Gastaut syndrome and a review of literature |
title_full_unstemmed |
Epilepsy in Christianson syndrome: Two cases of Lennox–Gastaut syndrome and a review of literature |
title_sort |
epilepsy in christianson syndrome: two cases of lennox–gastaut syndrome and a review of literature |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Epilepsy & Behavior Reports |
issn |
2589-9864 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
Christianson syndrome (CS) is an X-linked intellectual disorder caused by mutations in the SLC9A6 gene. Clinical features of CS include an inability to speak, truncal ataxia, postnatal microcephaly, hyperkinesis, and epilepsy. Almost all patients with CS develop drug-resistant epilepsy—its most serious complication. We report two cases of CS with drug-resistant epilpesy associated with the Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS). One patient experienced generalized tonic seizures since 9 months of age with cognitive regression, which evolved to include atonic seizures at the age of 7 years. Electroencephalography (EEG) showed generalized slow spike–wave complexes and generalized paroxysmal fast activity. Seizures remained drug-resistant despite multiple anti-seizure drugs. The second patient experienced generalized tonic seizures since the age of 17 months and arrested development. EEG showed generalized slow spike–wave complexes, with frequent atonic seizures since the age of 6 years. Electrical status epilepticus during slow-wave sleep (ESES) developed at the age of 7 years. Our cases illustrate that CS may cause LGS in addition to other developmental and epileptic encephalopathies of the neonatal and infantile period. We suggest that generalized tonic or tonic–clonic seizures and generalized slow spike–wave complexes in interictal EEG be included as potential electroclinical features of epilepsy in CS. Keywords: Epilepsy, Christianson syndrome, SLC9A6, Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, Electrical status epilepticus in slow-wave sleep |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589986419301455 |
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