High Choline Intake during Pregnancy Reduces Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome in Male Wistar Rat Offspring Fed a High Fat But Not a Normal Fat Post-Weaning Diet
Maternal choline intakes are below recommendations, potentially impairing the child’s later-life metabolic health. This study aims to elucidate the interaction between the choline content of the gestational diet (GD) and fat content of the post-weaning diet (PWD) on metabolic phenotype of male Wista...
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doaj-79d91f12a94847f5a3aad26cc95617eb2021-04-24T23:01:23ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-04-01131438143810.3390/nu13051438High Choline Intake during Pregnancy Reduces Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome in Male Wistar Rat Offspring Fed a High Fat But Not a Normal Fat Post-Weaning DietRola Hammoud0Emanuela Pannia1Ruslan Kubant2Adam Metherel3Rebecca Simonian4Zdenka Pausova5G. Harvey Anderson6Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, CanadaDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, CanadaDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, CanadaDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, CanadaDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, CanadaDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, CanadaDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, CanadaMaternal choline intakes are below recommendations, potentially impairing the child’s later-life metabolic health. This study aims to elucidate the interaction between the choline content of the gestational diet (GD) and fat content of the post-weaning diet (PWD) on metabolic phenotype of male Wistar rats. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed a standard rodent diet (AIN-93G) with either recommended choline (RC, 1 g/kg diet choline bitartrate) or high choline (HC, 2.5-fold). Male pups were weaned to either a normal (16%) fat (NF) or a high (45%) fat (HF) diet for 17 weeks. Body weight, visceral adiposity, food intake, energy expenditure, plasma hormones, triglycerides, and hepatic fatty acids were measured. HC-HF offspring had 7% lower body weight but not food intake, and lower adiposity, plasma triglycerides, and insulin resistance compared to RC-HF. They also had increased hepatic <i>n</i>-3 fatty acids and a reduced <i>n</i>-6/<i>n</i>-3 and C 18:1 <i>n</i>-9/C18:0 ratios. In contrast, HC-NF offspring had 6–8% higher cumulative food intake and body weight, as well as increased leptin and elevated hepatic C16:1 <i>n</i>-7/C16:0 ratio compared to RC-NF. Therefore, gestational choline supplementation associated with improved long-term regulation of several biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome in male Wistar rat offspring fed a HF, but not a NF, PWD.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1438cholinematernal nutritionhigh fat dietpregnancymetabolic syndromefatty acids |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Rola Hammoud Emanuela Pannia Ruslan Kubant Adam Metherel Rebecca Simonian Zdenka Pausova G. Harvey Anderson |
spellingShingle |
Rola Hammoud Emanuela Pannia Ruslan Kubant Adam Metherel Rebecca Simonian Zdenka Pausova G. Harvey Anderson High Choline Intake during Pregnancy Reduces Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome in Male Wistar Rat Offspring Fed a High Fat But Not a Normal Fat Post-Weaning Diet Nutrients choline maternal nutrition high fat diet pregnancy metabolic syndrome fatty acids |
author_facet |
Rola Hammoud Emanuela Pannia Ruslan Kubant Adam Metherel Rebecca Simonian Zdenka Pausova G. Harvey Anderson |
author_sort |
Rola Hammoud |
title |
High Choline Intake during Pregnancy Reduces Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome in Male Wistar Rat Offspring Fed a High Fat But Not a Normal Fat Post-Weaning Diet |
title_short |
High Choline Intake during Pregnancy Reduces Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome in Male Wistar Rat Offspring Fed a High Fat But Not a Normal Fat Post-Weaning Diet |
title_full |
High Choline Intake during Pregnancy Reduces Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome in Male Wistar Rat Offspring Fed a High Fat But Not a Normal Fat Post-Weaning Diet |
title_fullStr |
High Choline Intake during Pregnancy Reduces Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome in Male Wistar Rat Offspring Fed a High Fat But Not a Normal Fat Post-Weaning Diet |
title_full_unstemmed |
High Choline Intake during Pregnancy Reduces Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome in Male Wistar Rat Offspring Fed a High Fat But Not a Normal Fat Post-Weaning Diet |
title_sort |
high choline intake during pregnancy reduces characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in male wistar rat offspring fed a high fat but not a normal fat post-weaning diet |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nutrients |
issn |
2072-6643 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Maternal choline intakes are below recommendations, potentially impairing the child’s later-life metabolic health. This study aims to elucidate the interaction between the choline content of the gestational diet (GD) and fat content of the post-weaning diet (PWD) on metabolic phenotype of male Wistar rats. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed a standard rodent diet (AIN-93G) with either recommended choline (RC, 1 g/kg diet choline bitartrate) or high choline (HC, 2.5-fold). Male pups were weaned to either a normal (16%) fat (NF) or a high (45%) fat (HF) diet for 17 weeks. Body weight, visceral adiposity, food intake, energy expenditure, plasma hormones, triglycerides, and hepatic fatty acids were measured. HC-HF offspring had 7% lower body weight but not food intake, and lower adiposity, plasma triglycerides, and insulin resistance compared to RC-HF. They also had increased hepatic <i>n</i>-3 fatty acids and a reduced <i>n</i>-6/<i>n</i>-3 and C 18:1 <i>n</i>-9/C18:0 ratios. In contrast, HC-NF offspring had 6–8% higher cumulative food intake and body weight, as well as increased leptin and elevated hepatic C16:1 <i>n</i>-7/C16:0 ratio compared to RC-NF. Therefore, gestational choline supplementation associated with improved long-term regulation of several biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome in male Wistar rat offspring fed a HF, but not a NF, PWD. |
topic |
choline maternal nutrition high fat diet pregnancy metabolic syndrome fatty acids |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/5/1438 |
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