Mixing states of Amazon basin aerosol particles transported over long distances using transmission electron microscopy
<p>The Amazon basin is important for understanding the global climate because of its carbon cycle and as a laboratory for obtaining basic knowledge of the continental background atmosphere. Aerosol particles play an important role in the climate and weather, and knowledge of their compositions...
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Copernicus Publications
2020-10-01
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Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/20/11923/2020/acp-20-11923-2020.pdf |
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doaj-79e3e7bba62043ee8c597aa806a663aa |
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record_format |
Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
K. Adachi N. Oshima Z. Gong Z. Gong S. de Sá A. P. Bateman S. T. Martin J. F. de Brito J. F. de Brito P. Artaxo G. G. Cirino G. G. Cirino A. J. Sedlacek III P. R. Buseck |
spellingShingle |
K. Adachi N. Oshima Z. Gong Z. Gong S. de Sá A. P. Bateman S. T. Martin J. F. de Brito J. F. de Brito P. Artaxo G. G. Cirino G. G. Cirino A. J. Sedlacek III P. R. Buseck Mixing states of Amazon basin aerosol particles transported over long distances using transmission electron microscopy Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
author_facet |
K. Adachi N. Oshima Z. Gong Z. Gong S. de Sá A. P. Bateman S. T. Martin J. F. de Brito J. F. de Brito P. Artaxo G. G. Cirino G. G. Cirino A. J. Sedlacek III P. R. Buseck |
author_sort |
K. Adachi |
title |
Mixing states of Amazon basin aerosol particles transported over long distances using transmission electron microscopy |
title_short |
Mixing states of Amazon basin aerosol particles transported over long distances using transmission electron microscopy |
title_full |
Mixing states of Amazon basin aerosol particles transported over long distances using transmission electron microscopy |
title_fullStr |
Mixing states of Amazon basin aerosol particles transported over long distances using transmission electron microscopy |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mixing states of Amazon basin aerosol particles transported over long distances using transmission electron microscopy |
title_sort |
mixing states of amazon basin aerosol particles transported over long distances using transmission electron microscopy |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
series |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
issn |
1680-7316 1680-7324 |
publishDate |
2020-10-01 |
description |
<p>The Amazon basin is important for understanding the
global climate because of its carbon cycle and as a laboratory for
obtaining basic knowledge of the continental background atmosphere. Aerosol
particles play an important role in the climate and weather, and knowledge
of their compositions and mixing states is necessary to understand their
influence on the climate. For this study, we collected aerosol particles
from the Amazon basin during the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5)
campaign (February to March 2014) at the T3 site, which is located about 70 km
from Manaus, and analyzed them using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM
has better spatial resolution than other instruments, which enables us to
analyze the occurrences of components that attach to or are embedded within
other particles. Based on the TEM results of more than 10 000 particles from
several transport events, this study shows the occurrences of individual
particles including compositions, size distributions, number fractions, and
possible sources of materials that mix with other particles. Aerosol
particles during the wet season were from both natural sources such as the
Amazon forest, Saharan desert, Atlantic Ocean, and African biomass burning
and anthropogenic sources such as Manaus and local emissions. These
particles mix together at an individual particle scale. The number fractions
of mineral dust and sea-salt particles increased almost 3-fold when
long-range transport (LRT) from the African continent occurred. Nearly
20 % of mineral dust and primary biological aerosol particles had attached sea
salts on their surfaces. Sulfates were also internally mixed with sea-salt
and mineral dust particles. The TEM element mapping images showed that
several components with sizes of hundreds of nanometers from different
sources commonly occur within individual LRT aerosol particles. We conclude
that many aerosol particles from natural sources change their compositions
by mixing during transport. The compositions and mixing states of these
particles after emission result in changes in their hygroscopic and optical
properties and should be considered when assessing their effects on climate.</p> |
url |
https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/20/11923/2020/acp-20-11923-2020.pdf |
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doaj-79e3e7bba62043ee8c597aa806a663aa2020-11-25T02:20:22ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242020-10-0120119231193910.5194/acp-20-11923-2020Mixing states of Amazon basin aerosol particles transported over long distances using transmission electron microscopyK. Adachi0N. Oshima1Z. Gong2Z. Gong3S. de Sá4A. P. Bateman5S. T. Martin6J. F. de Brito7J. F. de Brito8P. Artaxo9G. G. Cirino10G. G. Cirino11A. J. Sedlacek III12P. R. Buseck13Department of Atmosphere, Ocean and Earth System Modeling Research, Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, JapanDepartment of Atmosphere, Ocean and Earth System Modeling Research, Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, JapanSchool of Engineering and Applied Sciences & Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USAnow at: Harvard Business School, Boston, Massachusetts, USASchool of Engineering and Applied Sciences & Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USASchool of Engineering and Applied Sciences & Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USASchool of Engineering and Applied Sciences & Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USAInstitute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazilnow at: IMT Lille Douai, University of Lille, SAGE, Lille 59000, FranceInstitute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilNational Institute for Amazonian Research, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazilnow at: Geosciences Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém, BrazilBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USASchool of Earth and Space Exploration & School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA<p>The Amazon basin is important for understanding the global climate because of its carbon cycle and as a laboratory for obtaining basic knowledge of the continental background atmosphere. Aerosol particles play an important role in the climate and weather, and knowledge of their compositions and mixing states is necessary to understand their influence on the climate. For this study, we collected aerosol particles from the Amazon basin during the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) campaign (February to March 2014) at the T3 site, which is located about 70 km from Manaus, and analyzed them using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM has better spatial resolution than other instruments, which enables us to analyze the occurrences of components that attach to or are embedded within other particles. Based on the TEM results of more than 10 000 particles from several transport events, this study shows the occurrences of individual particles including compositions, size distributions, number fractions, and possible sources of materials that mix with other particles. Aerosol particles during the wet season were from both natural sources such as the Amazon forest, Saharan desert, Atlantic Ocean, and African biomass burning and anthropogenic sources such as Manaus and local emissions. These particles mix together at an individual particle scale. The number fractions of mineral dust and sea-salt particles increased almost 3-fold when long-range transport (LRT) from the African continent occurred. Nearly 20 % of mineral dust and primary biological aerosol particles had attached sea salts on their surfaces. Sulfates were also internally mixed with sea-salt and mineral dust particles. The TEM element mapping images showed that several components with sizes of hundreds of nanometers from different sources commonly occur within individual LRT aerosol particles. We conclude that many aerosol particles from natural sources change their compositions by mixing during transport. The compositions and mixing states of these particles after emission result in changes in their hygroscopic and optical properties and should be considered when assessing their effects on climate.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/20/11923/2020/acp-20-11923-2020.pdf |