Resting Cyst Distribution and Molecular Identification of the Harmful Dinoflagellate Margalefidinium polykrikoides (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) in Lampung Bay, Sumatra, Indonesia
Margalefidinium polykrikoides, an unarmored dinoflagellate, was suspected to be the causative agent of the harmful algal blooms – associated with massive fish mortalities – that have occurred continually in Lampung Bay, Indonesia, since the first bloom event in October 2012. In this study, after exa...
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doaj-79e3fff81d914d9fbce9880f8e84a94f2020-11-24T22:22:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2019-02-011010.3389/fmicb.2019.00306418161Resting Cyst Distribution and Molecular Identification of the Harmful Dinoflagellate Margalefidinium polykrikoides (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) in Lampung Bay, Sumatra, IndonesiaHikmah Thoha0 Muawanah1Mariana D. Bayu Intan2Arief Rachman3Oksto Ridho Sianturi4Tumpak Sidabutar5Mitsunori Iwataki6Kazuya Takahashi7Jean-Christophe Avarre8Estelle Masseret9Estelle Masseret10Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, IndonesiaMain Center for Marine Aquaculture of Lampung, Directorate General of Aquaculture, Lampung, IndonesiaResearch Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, IndonesiaResearch Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, IndonesiaResearch Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, IndonesiaResearch Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, IndonesiaAsian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanAsian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanISEM, IRD, CNRS, EPHE, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, FranceResearch Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, IndonesiaMARBEC, University of Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, Montpellier, FranceMargalefidinium polykrikoides, an unarmored dinoflagellate, was suspected to be the causative agent of the harmful algal blooms – associated with massive fish mortalities – that have occurred continually in Lampung Bay, Indonesia, since the first bloom event in October 2012. In this study, after examination of the morphology of putative M. polykrikoides-like cysts sampled in bottom sediments, cyst bed distribution of this harmful species was explored in the inner bay. Sediment samples showed that resting cysts, including several morphotypes previously reported as M. polykrikoides, were most abundant on the northern coast of Lampung Bay, ranging from 20.6 to 645.6 cysts g-1 dry sediment. Molecular phylogeny inferred from LSU rDNA revealed that the so-called Mediterranean ribotype was detected in the sediment while M. polykrikoides motile cells, four-cell chain forming in bloom conditions, belonged to the American-Malaysian ribotype. Moreover, hyaline cysts, exclusively in the form of four-cell chains, were also recorded. Overall, these results unequivocally show that the species M. polykrikoides is abundantly present, in the form of vegetative cells, hyaline and resting cysts in an Indonesian area.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00306/fullMargalefidinium polykrikoidesdinoflagellateharmful algal bloomsresting and hyaline cystsIndonesia |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Hikmah Thoha Muawanah Mariana D. Bayu Intan Arief Rachman Oksto Ridho Sianturi Tumpak Sidabutar Mitsunori Iwataki Kazuya Takahashi Jean-Christophe Avarre Estelle Masseret Estelle Masseret |
spellingShingle |
Hikmah Thoha Muawanah Mariana D. Bayu Intan Arief Rachman Oksto Ridho Sianturi Tumpak Sidabutar Mitsunori Iwataki Kazuya Takahashi Jean-Christophe Avarre Estelle Masseret Estelle Masseret Resting Cyst Distribution and Molecular Identification of the Harmful Dinoflagellate Margalefidinium polykrikoides (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) in Lampung Bay, Sumatra, Indonesia Frontiers in Microbiology Margalefidinium polykrikoides dinoflagellate harmful algal blooms resting and hyaline cysts Indonesia |
author_facet |
Hikmah Thoha Muawanah Mariana D. Bayu Intan Arief Rachman Oksto Ridho Sianturi Tumpak Sidabutar Mitsunori Iwataki Kazuya Takahashi Jean-Christophe Avarre Estelle Masseret Estelle Masseret |
author_sort |
Hikmah Thoha |
title |
Resting Cyst Distribution and Molecular Identification of the Harmful Dinoflagellate Margalefidinium polykrikoides (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) in Lampung Bay, Sumatra, Indonesia |
title_short |
Resting Cyst Distribution and Molecular Identification of the Harmful Dinoflagellate Margalefidinium polykrikoides (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) in Lampung Bay, Sumatra, Indonesia |
title_full |
Resting Cyst Distribution and Molecular Identification of the Harmful Dinoflagellate Margalefidinium polykrikoides (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) in Lampung Bay, Sumatra, Indonesia |
title_fullStr |
Resting Cyst Distribution and Molecular Identification of the Harmful Dinoflagellate Margalefidinium polykrikoides (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) in Lampung Bay, Sumatra, Indonesia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Resting Cyst Distribution and Molecular Identification of the Harmful Dinoflagellate Margalefidinium polykrikoides (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) in Lampung Bay, Sumatra, Indonesia |
title_sort |
resting cyst distribution and molecular identification of the harmful dinoflagellate margalefidinium polykrikoides (gymnodiniales, dinophyceae) in lampung bay, sumatra, indonesia |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
issn |
1664-302X |
publishDate |
2019-02-01 |
description |
Margalefidinium polykrikoides, an unarmored dinoflagellate, was suspected to be the causative agent of the harmful algal blooms – associated with massive fish mortalities – that have occurred continually in Lampung Bay, Indonesia, since the first bloom event in October 2012. In this study, after examination of the morphology of putative M. polykrikoides-like cysts sampled in bottom sediments, cyst bed distribution of this harmful species was explored in the inner bay. Sediment samples showed that resting cysts, including several morphotypes previously reported as M. polykrikoides, were most abundant on the northern coast of Lampung Bay, ranging from 20.6 to 645.6 cysts g-1 dry sediment. Molecular phylogeny inferred from LSU rDNA revealed that the so-called Mediterranean ribotype was detected in the sediment while M. polykrikoides motile cells, four-cell chain forming in bloom conditions, belonged to the American-Malaysian ribotype. Moreover, hyaline cysts, exclusively in the form of four-cell chains, were also recorded. Overall, these results unequivocally show that the species M. polykrikoides is abundantly present, in the form of vegetative cells, hyaline and resting cysts in an Indonesian area. |
topic |
Margalefidinium polykrikoides dinoflagellate harmful algal blooms resting and hyaline cysts Indonesia |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00306/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
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