Strategies for Assessing Arbovirus Genetic Variability in Vectors and/or Mammals
Animal arboviruses replicate in their invertebrate vectors and vertebrate hosts. They use several strategies to ensure replication/transmission. Their high mutation rates and propensity to generate recombinants and/or genome segment reassortments help them adapt to new hosts/emerge in new geographic...
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doaj-7b5f4b8f9d3a47bd935ba6738cc366d42020-11-25T04:04:38ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172020-11-01991591510.3390/pathogens9110915Strategies for Assessing Arbovirus Genetic Variability in Vectors and/or MammalsCamille Victoire Migné0Sara Moutailler1Houssam Attoui2UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Paris-Est Sup, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, FranceUMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Paris-Est Sup, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, FranceUMR1161 Virologie, INRAE, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Paris-Est Sup, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, FranceAnimal arboviruses replicate in their invertebrate vectors and vertebrate hosts. They use several strategies to ensure replication/transmission. Their high mutation rates and propensity to generate recombinants and/or genome segment reassortments help them adapt to new hosts/emerge in new geographical areas. Studying arbovirus genetic variability has been used to identify indicators which predict their potential to adapt to new hosts and/or emergence and in particular quasi-species. Multiple studies conducted with insect-borne viruses laid the foundations for the “trade-off” hypothesis (alternation of host transmission cycle constrains arbovirus evolution). It was extrapolated to tick-borne viruses, where too few studies have been conducted, even though humans faced emergence of numerous tick-borne virus during the last decades. There is a paucity of information regarding genetic variability of these viruses. In addition, insects and ticks do not have similar lifecycles/lifestyles. Indeed, tick-borne viruses are longer associated with their vectors due to tick lifespan. The objectives of this review are: (i) to describe the state of the art for all strategies developed to study genetic variability of insect-borne viruses both in vitro and in vivo and potential applications to tick-borne viruses; and (ii) to highlight the specificities of arboviruses and vectors as a complex and diverse system.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/11/915arbovirusesarthropodsgenetic variabilityinsect-borne virustick-borne virus |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Camille Victoire Migné Sara Moutailler Houssam Attoui |
spellingShingle |
Camille Victoire Migné Sara Moutailler Houssam Attoui Strategies for Assessing Arbovirus Genetic Variability in Vectors and/or Mammals Pathogens arboviruses arthropods genetic variability insect-borne virus tick-borne virus |
author_facet |
Camille Victoire Migné Sara Moutailler Houssam Attoui |
author_sort |
Camille Victoire Migné |
title |
Strategies for Assessing Arbovirus Genetic Variability in Vectors and/or Mammals |
title_short |
Strategies for Assessing Arbovirus Genetic Variability in Vectors and/or Mammals |
title_full |
Strategies for Assessing Arbovirus Genetic Variability in Vectors and/or Mammals |
title_fullStr |
Strategies for Assessing Arbovirus Genetic Variability in Vectors and/or Mammals |
title_full_unstemmed |
Strategies for Assessing Arbovirus Genetic Variability in Vectors and/or Mammals |
title_sort |
strategies for assessing arbovirus genetic variability in vectors and/or mammals |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Pathogens |
issn |
2076-0817 |
publishDate |
2020-11-01 |
description |
Animal arboviruses replicate in their invertebrate vectors and vertebrate hosts. They use several strategies to ensure replication/transmission. Their high mutation rates and propensity to generate recombinants and/or genome segment reassortments help them adapt to new hosts/emerge in new geographical areas. Studying arbovirus genetic variability has been used to identify indicators which predict their potential to adapt to new hosts and/or emergence and in particular quasi-species. Multiple studies conducted with insect-borne viruses laid the foundations for the “trade-off” hypothesis (alternation of host transmission cycle constrains arbovirus evolution). It was extrapolated to tick-borne viruses, where too few studies have been conducted, even though humans faced emergence of numerous tick-borne virus during the last decades. There is a paucity of information regarding genetic variability of these viruses. In addition, insects and ticks do not have similar lifecycles/lifestyles. Indeed, tick-borne viruses are longer associated with their vectors due to tick lifespan. The objectives of this review are: (i) to describe the state of the art for all strategies developed to study genetic variability of insect-borne viruses both in vitro and in vivo and potential applications to tick-borne viruses; and (ii) to highlight the specificities of arboviruses and vectors as a complex and diverse system. |
topic |
arboviruses arthropods genetic variability insect-borne virus tick-borne virus |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/11/915 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT camillevictoiremigne strategiesforassessingarbovirusgeneticvariabilityinvectorsandormammals AT saramoutailler strategiesforassessingarbovirusgeneticvariabilityinvectorsandormammals AT houssamattoui strategiesforassessingarbovirusgeneticvariabilityinvectorsandormammals |
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