Honey Bee Venom (Apis mellifera) Contains Anticoagulation Factors and Increases the Blood-clotting Time
Objectives: Bee venom (BV) is a complex mixture of proteins and contains proteins such as phospholipase and melittin, which have an effect on blood clotting and blood clots. The mechanism of action of honey bee venom (HBV, Apis mellifera) on human plasma proteins and its anti-thrombotic effect were...
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Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute
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doaj-7bc5eaaa0e214171b7ccc05d1904ba002020-11-24T21:50:04ZengKorean Pharmacopuncture InstituteJournal of Pharmacopuncture2093-69662234-68562015-12-0118471110.3831/KPI.2015.18.031DHOCBS_2015_v18n4_7Honey Bee Venom (Apis mellifera) Contains Anticoagulation Factors and Increases the Blood-clotting TimeHossein Zolfagharian0Mohammad Mohajeri1Mahdi Babaie2Department of Venomous Animals and Antivenom Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, IranDepartment of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza, IranYoung Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranObjectives: Bee venom (BV) is a complex mixture of proteins and contains proteins such as phospholipase and melittin, which have an effect on blood clotting and blood clots. The mechanism of action of honey bee venom (HBV, Apis mellifera) on human plasma proteins and its anti-thrombotic effect were studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-coagulation effect of BV and its effects on blood coagulation and purification. Methods: Crude venom obtained from Apis mellifera was selected. The anti-coagulation factor of the crude venom from this species was purified by using gel filtration chromatography (sephadex G-50), and the molecular weights of the anti-coagulants in this venom estimated by using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Blood samples were obtained from 10 rabbits, and the prothrombin time (PT) and the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) tests were conducted. The approximate lethal dose (LD) values of BV were determined. Results: Crude BV increased the blood clotting time. For BV concentrations from 1 to 4 mg/mL, clotting was not observed even at more than 300 seconds, standard deviations (SDs) = ± 0.71; however, clotting was observed in the control group 13.8 s, SDs = ± 0.52. Thus, BV can be considered as containing anti-coagulation factors. Crude BV is composed 4 protein bands with molecular weights of 3, 15, 20 and 41 kilodalton (kDa), respectively. The LD50 of the crude BV was found to be 177.8 μg/mouse. Conclusion: BV contains anti-coagulation factors. The fraction extracted from the Iranian bees contains proteins that are similar to anti-coagulation proteins, such as phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and melittin, and that can increase the blood clotting times in vitro.http://dx.doi.org/10.3831/KPI.2015.18.031anti-coagulantsbee venomchromatographyLD50 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Hossein Zolfagharian Mohammad Mohajeri Mahdi Babaie |
spellingShingle |
Hossein Zolfagharian Mohammad Mohajeri Mahdi Babaie Honey Bee Venom (Apis mellifera) Contains Anticoagulation Factors and Increases the Blood-clotting Time Journal of Pharmacopuncture anti-coagulants bee venom chromatography LD50 |
author_facet |
Hossein Zolfagharian Mohammad Mohajeri Mahdi Babaie |
author_sort |
Hossein Zolfagharian |
title |
Honey Bee Venom (Apis mellifera) Contains Anticoagulation Factors and Increases the Blood-clotting Time |
title_short |
Honey Bee Venom (Apis mellifera) Contains Anticoagulation Factors and Increases the Blood-clotting Time |
title_full |
Honey Bee Venom (Apis mellifera) Contains Anticoagulation Factors and Increases the Blood-clotting Time |
title_fullStr |
Honey Bee Venom (Apis mellifera) Contains Anticoagulation Factors and Increases the Blood-clotting Time |
title_full_unstemmed |
Honey Bee Venom (Apis mellifera) Contains Anticoagulation Factors and Increases the Blood-clotting Time |
title_sort |
honey bee venom (apis mellifera) contains anticoagulation factors and increases the blood-clotting time |
publisher |
Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute |
series |
Journal of Pharmacopuncture |
issn |
2093-6966 2234-6856 |
publishDate |
2015-12-01 |
description |
Objectives: Bee venom (BV) is a complex mixture of proteins and contains proteins such as phospholipase and melittin, which have an effect on blood clotting and blood clots. The mechanism of action of honey bee venom (HBV, Apis mellifera) on human plasma proteins and its anti-thrombotic effect were studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-coagulation effect of BV and its effects on blood coagulation and purification. Methods: Crude venom obtained from Apis mellifera was selected. The anti-coagulation factor of the crude venom from this species was purified by using gel filtration chromatography (sephadex G-50), and the molecular weights of the anti-coagulants in this venom estimated by using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Blood samples were obtained from 10 rabbits, and the prothrombin time (PT) and the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) tests were conducted. The approximate lethal dose (LD) values of BV were determined. Results: Crude BV increased the blood clotting time. For BV concentrations from 1 to 4 mg/mL, clotting was not observed even at more than 300 seconds, standard deviations (SDs) = ± 0.71; however, clotting was observed in the control group 13.8 s, SDs = ± 0.52. Thus, BV can be considered as containing anti-coagulation factors. Crude BV is composed 4 protein bands with molecular weights of 3, 15, 20 and 41 kilodalton (kDa), respectively. The LD50 of the crude BV was found to be 177.8 μg/mouse. Conclusion: BV contains anti-coagulation factors. The fraction extracted from the Iranian bees contains proteins that are similar to anti-coagulation proteins, such as phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and melittin, and that can increase the blood clotting times in vitro. |
topic |
anti-coagulants bee venom chromatography LD50 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3831/KPI.2015.18.031 |
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