PTSD co-morbid with HIV: Separate but equal, or two parts of a whole?
Approximately 30 million people currently live with HIV worldwide and the incidence of stress-related disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), is elevated among people living with HIV as compared to those living without the virus. PTSD is a severely debilitating, stress-related psyc...
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doaj-7c274eace28640a2a74bb0f88abdc18b2021-03-22T12:43:45ZengElsevierNeurobiology of Disease1095-953X2016-08-0192116123PTSD co-morbid with HIV: Separate but equal, or two parts of a whole?Gretchen N. Neigh0Siara T. Rhodes1Arielle Valdez2Tanja Jovanovic3Emory University Department of Physiology, United States; Emory University Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, United States; Corresponding author at: Emory School of Medicine, Whitehead Biomedical Research Building, 615 Michael Street, Suite 600, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.Georgia State University Department of Psychology, United StatesEmory University Medical Scientist Training Program, United States; Emory University Department of Cell Biology, United StatesEmory University Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, United StatesApproximately 30 million people currently live with HIV worldwide and the incidence of stress-related disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), is elevated among people living with HIV as compared to those living without the virus. PTSD is a severely debilitating, stress-related psychiatric illness associated with trauma exposure. Patients with PTSD experience intrusive and fearful memories as well as flashbacks and nightmares of the traumatic event(s) for much of their lives, may avoid other people, and may be constantly on guard for new negative experiences. This review will delineate the information available to date regarding the comorbidity of PTSD and HIV and discuss the biological mechanisms which may contribute to the co-existence, and potential interaction of, these two disorders. Both HIV and PTSD are linked to altered neurobiology within areas of the brain involved in the startle response and altered function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Collectively, the data highlighted suggest that PTSD and HIV are more likely to actively interact than to simply co-exist within the same individual. Multi-faceted interactions between PTSD and HIV have the potential to alter response to treatment for either independent disorder. Therefore, it is of great importance to advance the understanding of the neurobiological substrates that are altered in comorbid PTSD and HIV such that the most efficacious treatments can be administered to improve both mental and physical health and reduce the spread of HIV.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969996115300917HIVPTSDStressHormonesStartle |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Gretchen N. Neigh Siara T. Rhodes Arielle Valdez Tanja Jovanovic |
spellingShingle |
Gretchen N. Neigh Siara T. Rhodes Arielle Valdez Tanja Jovanovic PTSD co-morbid with HIV: Separate but equal, or two parts of a whole? Neurobiology of Disease HIV PTSD Stress Hormones Startle |
author_facet |
Gretchen N. Neigh Siara T. Rhodes Arielle Valdez Tanja Jovanovic |
author_sort |
Gretchen N. Neigh |
title |
PTSD co-morbid with HIV: Separate but equal, or two parts of a whole? |
title_short |
PTSD co-morbid with HIV: Separate but equal, or two parts of a whole? |
title_full |
PTSD co-morbid with HIV: Separate but equal, or two parts of a whole? |
title_fullStr |
PTSD co-morbid with HIV: Separate but equal, or two parts of a whole? |
title_full_unstemmed |
PTSD co-morbid with HIV: Separate but equal, or two parts of a whole? |
title_sort |
ptsd co-morbid with hiv: separate but equal, or two parts of a whole? |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Neurobiology of Disease |
issn |
1095-953X |
publishDate |
2016-08-01 |
description |
Approximately 30 million people currently live with HIV worldwide and the incidence of stress-related disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), is elevated among people living with HIV as compared to those living without the virus. PTSD is a severely debilitating, stress-related psychiatric illness associated with trauma exposure. Patients with PTSD experience intrusive and fearful memories as well as flashbacks and nightmares of the traumatic event(s) for much of their lives, may avoid other people, and may be constantly on guard for new negative experiences. This review will delineate the information available to date regarding the comorbidity of PTSD and HIV and discuss the biological mechanisms which may contribute to the co-existence, and potential interaction of, these two disorders. Both HIV and PTSD are linked to altered neurobiology within areas of the brain involved in the startle response and altered function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Collectively, the data highlighted suggest that PTSD and HIV are more likely to actively interact than to simply co-exist within the same individual. Multi-faceted interactions between PTSD and HIV have the potential to alter response to treatment for either independent disorder. Therefore, it is of great importance to advance the understanding of the neurobiological substrates that are altered in comorbid PTSD and HIV such that the most efficacious treatments can be administered to improve both mental and physical health and reduce the spread of HIV. |
topic |
HIV PTSD Stress Hormones Startle |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969996115300917 |
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