Anal human papillomavirus prevalence and risk factors among men who have sex with men in Vietnam

• Main Authors: Le Anh Tuan, MD, PhD, Kiesha Prem, PhD, Quang Duy Pham, MD, PhD, Zheng Quan Toh, PhD, Hau Phuc Tran, MD, PhD, Phuc Duy Nguyen, MSc, Chu Thi Ngoc Mai, BSc, Le Thi Khanh Ly, BSc, Van Cao, PhD, Tam-Duong Le-Ha, PhD, Nguyen Anh Tuan, PhD, Mark Jit, PhD, Kathryn Bright, BN, Marc Brisson, PhD, Thuong Vu Nguyen, MD, PhD, Suzanne Garland, MD, PhD, Dang Duc Anh, PhD, Nguyen Van Trang, PhD, Kim Mulholland, MD, PhD
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2021-11-01
• Series: International Journal of Infectious Diseases
• Subjects: Men who have sex with men; MSM; HPV; Risk factors; Vietnam
• Online Access: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971221007189

Objectives: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers, while published data are scarce. This study determined HPV prevalence and risk factors in MSM in Vietnam to inform HPV prevention strategies in this key population. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 799 MSM aged 16-50 years was conducted in Vietnam in 2017-2018. Information was collected on risk behaviours, and knowledge of HPV and anal cancer; rectal swabs were taken to detect anal HPV infection. An in-house polymerase chain reaction and Genoflow HPV array test kit were used for HPV detection and genotyping. Results: The median age of the study participants was 25 years (range 18-52). Overall prevalence of any HPV and HPV16/18 infection was 32.3% and 11.0%, respectively. A higher prevalence of high-risk HPV infection to all 14 types tested was found in Ho Chi Minh City (30.9%) than in Hanoi (18.4%). High-risk HPV infection was associated with inconsistent condom use and history of engaging in sex under the influence of drugs (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.27; 95% CI, 1.48-10.67), as well as having multiple sexual partners (aOR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00–1.02). Conclusions: High-risk anal HPV infections in Vietnamese MSM were significantly associated with risky sexual behaviours. A targeted HPV vaccination strategy would have substantial benefit for MSM in Vietnam.