A Review on the Enhancement of Calcium Phosphate Cement with Biological Materials in Bone Defect Healing
Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is a promising material used in the treatment of bone defects due to its profitable features of self-setting capability, osteoconductivity, injectability, mouldability, and biocompatibility. However, the major limitations of CPC, such as the brittleness, lack of osteog...
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doaj-7c8c4fa408654f00860cee5d238219152021-09-26T01:01:10ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-09-01133075307510.3390/polym13183075A Review on the Enhancement of Calcium Phosphate Cement with Biological Materials in Bone Defect HealingSok Kuan Wong0Yew Hoong Wong1Kok-Yong Chin2Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana3Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaCalcium phosphate cement (CPC) is a promising material used in the treatment of bone defects due to its profitable features of self-setting capability, osteoconductivity, injectability, mouldability, and biocompatibility. However, the major limitations of CPC, such as the brittleness, lack of osteogenic property, and poor washout resistance, remain to be resolved. Thus, significant research effort has been committed to modify and reinforce CPC. The mixture of CPC with various biological materials, defined as the materials produced by living organisms, have been fabricated by researchers and their characteristics have been investigated in vitro and in vivo. This present review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview enabling the readers to compare the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of CPC upon the incorporation of different biological materials. By mixing the bone-related transcription factors, proteins, and/or polysaccharides with CPC, researchers have demonstrated that these combinations not only resolved the lack of mechanical strength and osteogenic effects of CPC but also further improve its own functional properties. However, exceptions were seen in CPC incorporated with certain proteins (such as elastin-like polypeptide and calcitonin gene-related peptide) as well as blood components. In conclusion, the addition of biological materials potentially improves CPC features, which vary depending on the types of materials embedded into it. The significant enhancement of CPC seen in vitro and in vivo requires further verification in human trials for its clinical application.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/18/3075biomaterialshydroxyapatitepolysaccharideproteintranscription factorplatelet-rich plasma |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sok Kuan Wong Yew Hoong Wong Kok-Yong Chin Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana |
spellingShingle |
Sok Kuan Wong Yew Hoong Wong Kok-Yong Chin Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana A Review on the Enhancement of Calcium Phosphate Cement with Biological Materials in Bone Defect Healing Polymers biomaterials hydroxyapatite polysaccharide protein transcription factor platelet-rich plasma |
author_facet |
Sok Kuan Wong Yew Hoong Wong Kok-Yong Chin Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana |
author_sort |
Sok Kuan Wong |
title |
A Review on the Enhancement of Calcium Phosphate Cement with Biological Materials in Bone Defect Healing |
title_short |
A Review on the Enhancement of Calcium Phosphate Cement with Biological Materials in Bone Defect Healing |
title_full |
A Review on the Enhancement of Calcium Phosphate Cement with Biological Materials in Bone Defect Healing |
title_fullStr |
A Review on the Enhancement of Calcium Phosphate Cement with Biological Materials in Bone Defect Healing |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Review on the Enhancement of Calcium Phosphate Cement with Biological Materials in Bone Defect Healing |
title_sort |
review on the enhancement of calcium phosphate cement with biological materials in bone defect healing |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Polymers |
issn |
2073-4360 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is a promising material used in the treatment of bone defects due to its profitable features of self-setting capability, osteoconductivity, injectability, mouldability, and biocompatibility. However, the major limitations of CPC, such as the brittleness, lack of osteogenic property, and poor washout resistance, remain to be resolved. Thus, significant research effort has been committed to modify and reinforce CPC. The mixture of CPC with various biological materials, defined as the materials produced by living organisms, have been fabricated by researchers and their characteristics have been investigated in vitro and in vivo. This present review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview enabling the readers to compare the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of CPC upon the incorporation of different biological materials. By mixing the bone-related transcription factors, proteins, and/or polysaccharides with CPC, researchers have demonstrated that these combinations not only resolved the lack of mechanical strength and osteogenic effects of CPC but also further improve its own functional properties. However, exceptions were seen in CPC incorporated with certain proteins (such as elastin-like polypeptide and calcitonin gene-related peptide) as well as blood components. In conclusion, the addition of biological materials potentially improves CPC features, which vary depending on the types of materials embedded into it. The significant enhancement of CPC seen in vitro and in vivo requires further verification in human trials for its clinical application. |
topic |
biomaterials hydroxyapatite polysaccharide protein transcription factor platelet-rich plasma |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/18/3075 |
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