Comparison of novel and standard diagnostic tools for the detection of Schistosoma mekongi infection in Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Cambodia
Abstract Background Given the restricted distribution of Schistosoma mekongi in one province in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) and two provinces in Cambodia, together with progress of the national control programmes aimed at reducing morbidity and infection prevalence, the elimination of...
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doaj-7c91ce503eb84135846aa9477fa5c24e2020-11-24T23:19:45ZengBMCInfectious Diseases of Poverty2049-99572017-08-016111310.1186/s40249-017-0335-xComparison of novel and standard diagnostic tools for the detection of Schistosoma mekongi infection in Lao People’s Democratic Republic and CambodiaYouthanavanh Vonghachack0Somphou Sayasone1Virak Khieu2Robert Bergquist3Govert J. van Dam4Pytsje T. Hoekstra5Paul L. A. M. Corstjens6Beatrice Nickel7Hanspeter Marti8Jürg Utzinger9Sinuon Muth10Peter Odermatt11Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Ministry of HealthNational Institute of Public Health, Ministry of HealthNational Centre for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Ministry of HealthIngerodDepartment of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical CenterDepartment of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical CenterDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical CenterSwiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteSwiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteSwiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteNational Centre for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Ministry of HealthSwiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteAbstract Background Given the restricted distribution of Schistosoma mekongi in one province in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) and two provinces in Cambodia, together with progress of the national control programmes aimed at reducing morbidity and infection prevalence, the elimination of schistosomiasis mekongi seems feasible. However, sensitive diagnostic tools will be required to determine whether elimination has been achieved. We compared several standard and novel diagnostic tools in S. mekongi-endemic areas. Methods The prevalence and infection intensity of S. mekongi were evaluated in 377 study participants from four villages in the endemic areas in Lao PDR and Cambodia using Kato-Katz stool examination, antibody detection based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and schistosome circulating antigen detection by lateral-flow tests. Two highly sensitive test systems for the detection of cathodic and anodic circulating antigens (CCA, CAA) in urine and serum were utilized. Results Stool microscopy revealed an overall prevalence of S. mekongi of 6.4% (one case in Cambodia and 23 cases in Lao PDR), while that of Opisthorchis viverrini, hookworm, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia spp. were 50.4%, 28.1%, 3.5%, 0.3% and 1.9%, respectively. In the urine samples, the tests for CCA and CAA detected S. mekongi infections in 21.0% and 38.7% of the study participants, respectively. In the serum samples, the CAA assay revealed a prevalence of 32.4%, while a combination of the CAA assay in serum and in urine revealed a prevalence of 43.2%. There was a difference between the two study locations with a higher prevalence reached in the samples from Lao PDR. Conclusions The CCA, CAA and ELISA results showed substantially higher prevalence estimates for S. mekongi compared to Kato-Katz thick smears. Active schistosomiasis mekongi in Lao PDR and Cambodia might thus have been considerably underestimated previously. Hence, sustained control efforts are still needed to break transmission of S. mekongi. The pivotal role of highly sensitive diagnostic assays in areas targeting elimination cannot be overemphasised.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40249-017-0335-xCambodiaFood-borne trematodesKato-KatzLao People’s Democratic RepublicPoint-of-care circulating cathodic antigenSchistosoma mekongi |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Youthanavanh Vonghachack Somphou Sayasone Virak Khieu Robert Bergquist Govert J. van Dam Pytsje T. Hoekstra Paul L. A. M. Corstjens Beatrice Nickel Hanspeter Marti Jürg Utzinger Sinuon Muth Peter Odermatt |
spellingShingle |
Youthanavanh Vonghachack Somphou Sayasone Virak Khieu Robert Bergquist Govert J. van Dam Pytsje T. Hoekstra Paul L. A. M. Corstjens Beatrice Nickel Hanspeter Marti Jürg Utzinger Sinuon Muth Peter Odermatt Comparison of novel and standard diagnostic tools for the detection of Schistosoma mekongi infection in Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Cambodia Infectious Diseases of Poverty Cambodia Food-borne trematodes Kato-Katz Lao People’s Democratic Republic Point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen Schistosoma mekongi |
author_facet |
Youthanavanh Vonghachack Somphou Sayasone Virak Khieu Robert Bergquist Govert J. van Dam Pytsje T. Hoekstra Paul L. A. M. Corstjens Beatrice Nickel Hanspeter Marti Jürg Utzinger Sinuon Muth Peter Odermatt |
author_sort |
Youthanavanh Vonghachack |
title |
Comparison of novel and standard diagnostic tools for the detection of Schistosoma mekongi infection in Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Cambodia |
title_short |
Comparison of novel and standard diagnostic tools for the detection of Schistosoma mekongi infection in Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Cambodia |
title_full |
Comparison of novel and standard diagnostic tools for the detection of Schistosoma mekongi infection in Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Cambodia |
title_fullStr |
Comparison of novel and standard diagnostic tools for the detection of Schistosoma mekongi infection in Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Cambodia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Comparison of novel and standard diagnostic tools for the detection of Schistosoma mekongi infection in Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Cambodia |
title_sort |
comparison of novel and standard diagnostic tools for the detection of schistosoma mekongi infection in lao people’s democratic republic and cambodia |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Infectious Diseases of Poverty |
issn |
2049-9957 |
publishDate |
2017-08-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Given the restricted distribution of Schistosoma mekongi in one province in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) and two provinces in Cambodia, together with progress of the national control programmes aimed at reducing morbidity and infection prevalence, the elimination of schistosomiasis mekongi seems feasible. However, sensitive diagnostic tools will be required to determine whether elimination has been achieved. We compared several standard and novel diagnostic tools in S. mekongi-endemic areas. Methods The prevalence and infection intensity of S. mekongi were evaluated in 377 study participants from four villages in the endemic areas in Lao PDR and Cambodia using Kato-Katz stool examination, antibody detection based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and schistosome circulating antigen detection by lateral-flow tests. Two highly sensitive test systems for the detection of cathodic and anodic circulating antigens (CCA, CAA) in urine and serum were utilized. Results Stool microscopy revealed an overall prevalence of S. mekongi of 6.4% (one case in Cambodia and 23 cases in Lao PDR), while that of Opisthorchis viverrini, hookworm, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia spp. were 50.4%, 28.1%, 3.5%, 0.3% and 1.9%, respectively. In the urine samples, the tests for CCA and CAA detected S. mekongi infections in 21.0% and 38.7% of the study participants, respectively. In the serum samples, the CAA assay revealed a prevalence of 32.4%, while a combination of the CAA assay in serum and in urine revealed a prevalence of 43.2%. There was a difference between the two study locations with a higher prevalence reached in the samples from Lao PDR. Conclusions The CCA, CAA and ELISA results showed substantially higher prevalence estimates for S. mekongi compared to Kato-Katz thick smears. Active schistosomiasis mekongi in Lao PDR and Cambodia might thus have been considerably underestimated previously. Hence, sustained control efforts are still needed to break transmission of S. mekongi. The pivotal role of highly sensitive diagnostic assays in areas targeting elimination cannot be overemphasised. |
topic |
Cambodia Food-borne trematodes Kato-Katz Lao People’s Democratic Republic Point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen Schistosoma mekongi |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40249-017-0335-x |
work_keys_str_mv |
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