Modeling evaporation processes in a saline soil from saturation to oven dry conditions
Thermal, suction and osmotic gradients interact during evaporation from a salty soil. Vapor fluxes become the main water flow mechanism under very dry conditions. A coupled nonisothermal multiphase flow and reactive transport model was developed to study mass and energy transfer mechanisms during an...
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Copernicus Publications
2011-07-01
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Series: | Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
Online Access: | http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/15/2077/2011/hess-15-2077-2011.pdf |
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doaj-7cb9d6b43d0043058faab3689c8a7e282020-11-24T22:13:39ZengCopernicus PublicationsHydrology and Earth System Sciences1027-56061607-79382011-07-011572077208910.5194/hess-15-2077-2011Modeling evaporation processes in a saline soil from saturation to oven dry conditionsM. GranJ. CarreraS. OlivellaM. W. SaaltinkThermal, suction and osmotic gradients interact during evaporation from a salty soil. Vapor fluxes become the main water flow mechanism under very dry conditions. A coupled nonisothermal multiphase flow and reactive transport model was developed to study mass and energy transfer mechanisms during an evaporation experiment from a sand column. Very dry and hot conditions, including the formation of a salt crust, necessitate the modification of the retention curve to represent oven dry conditions. Experimental observations (volumetric water content, temperature and concentration profiles) were satisfactorily reproduced using mostly independently measured parameters, which suggests that the model can be used to assess the underlying processes. Results show that evaporation concentrates at a very narrow front and is controlled by heat flow, and limited by salinity and liquid and vapor fluxes. The front divides the soil into a dry and saline portion above and a moist and diluted portion below. Vapor diffusses not only upwards but also downwards from the evaporation front, as dictated by temperature gradients. Condensation of this downward flux causes dilution, so that salt concentration is minimum and lower than the initial one, just beneath the evaporation front. While this result is consistent with observations, it required adopting a vapor diffusion enhancement factor of 8.http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/15/2077/2011/hess-15-2077-2011.pdf |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
M. Gran J. Carrera S. Olivella M. W. Saaltink |
spellingShingle |
M. Gran J. Carrera S. Olivella M. W. Saaltink Modeling evaporation processes in a saline soil from saturation to oven dry conditions Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
author_facet |
M. Gran J. Carrera S. Olivella M. W. Saaltink |
author_sort |
M. Gran |
title |
Modeling evaporation processes in a saline soil from saturation to oven dry conditions |
title_short |
Modeling evaporation processes in a saline soil from saturation to oven dry conditions |
title_full |
Modeling evaporation processes in a saline soil from saturation to oven dry conditions |
title_fullStr |
Modeling evaporation processes in a saline soil from saturation to oven dry conditions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Modeling evaporation processes in a saline soil from saturation to oven dry conditions |
title_sort |
modeling evaporation processes in a saline soil from saturation to oven dry conditions |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
series |
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
issn |
1027-5606 1607-7938 |
publishDate |
2011-07-01 |
description |
Thermal, suction and osmotic gradients interact during evaporation from a salty soil. Vapor fluxes become the main water flow mechanism under very dry conditions. A coupled nonisothermal multiphase flow and reactive transport model was developed to study mass and energy transfer mechanisms during an evaporation experiment from a sand column. Very dry and hot conditions, including the formation of a salt crust, necessitate the modification of the retention curve to represent oven dry conditions. Experimental observations (volumetric water content, temperature and concentration profiles) were satisfactorily reproduced using mostly independently measured parameters, which suggests that the model can be used to assess the underlying processes. Results show that evaporation concentrates at a very narrow front and is controlled by heat flow, and limited by salinity and liquid and vapor fluxes. The front divides the soil into a dry and saline portion above and a moist and diluted portion below. Vapor diffusses not only upwards but also downwards from the evaporation front, as dictated by temperature gradients. Condensation of this downward flux causes dilution, so that salt concentration is minimum and lower than the initial one, just beneath the evaporation front. While this result is consistent with observations, it required adopting a vapor diffusion enhancement factor of 8. |
url |
http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/15/2077/2011/hess-15-2077-2011.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT mgran modelingevaporationprocessesinasalinesoilfromsaturationtoovendryconditions AT jcarrera modelingevaporationprocessesinasalinesoilfromsaturationtoovendryconditions AT solivella modelingevaporationprocessesinasalinesoilfromsaturationtoovendryconditions AT mwsaaltink modelingevaporationprocessesinasalinesoilfromsaturationtoovendryconditions |
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