The Effect of Substituted Benzene-Sulfonamides and Clinically Licensed Drugs on the Catalytic Activity of CynT2, a Carbonic Anhydrase Crucial for <i>Escherichia coli </i>Life Cycle

• Main Authors: Sonia Del Prete, Viviana De Luca, Silvia Bua, Alessio Nocentini, Vincenzo Carginale, Claudiu T. Supuran, Clemente Capasso
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2020-06-01
• Series: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
• Subjects: carbonic anhydrase; sulfonamides; inhibitors; antibacterials; <i>Escherichia coli</i>; stopped-flow assay
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/11/4175

Proteins are relevant antimicrobial drug targets, and among them, enzymes represent a significant group, since most of them catalyze reactions essential for supporting the central metabolism, or are necessary for the pathogen vitality. Genomic exploration of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms has revealed genes encoding for a superfamily of metalloenzymes, known as carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1). CAs catalyze the physiologically crucial reversible reaction of the carbon dioxide hydration to bicarbonate and protons. Herein, we investigated the sulfonamide inhibition profile of the recombinant ?-CA (CynT2) identified in the genome of the Gram-negative bacterium <i>Escherichia coli</i>. This biocatalyst is indispensable for the growth of the microbe at atmospheric pCO₂. Surprisingly, this enzyme has not been investigated for its inhibition with any class of CA inhibitors. Here, we show that CynT2 was strongly inhibited by some substituted benzene-sulfonamides and the clinically used inhibitor sulpiride (K_Is in the range of 82–97 nM). This study may be relevant for identifying novel CA inhibitors, as well as for another essential part of the drug discovery pipeline, such as the structure–activity relationship for this class of enzyme inhibitors.