Preferences for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Non-Stimulant Treatment Characteristics Among Children and Adolescents With ADHD and Their Caregivers

• Main Authors: Emuella Flood, Kavita Gajria, Vanja Sikirica, Paul Hodgkins, M. Haim Erder, Frank Lopez, Daniel Connor
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Columbia Data Analytics, LLC
• Series: Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research
• Online Access: http://jheor.scholasticahq.com/article/9842-preferences-for-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd-non-stimulant-treatment-characteristics-among-children-and-adolescents-with-adhd-and-their-caregivers.pdf

**Background:** Understanding patient and caregiver preferences for treatment is important for optimizing treatment decisions. Non-stimulant therapies are an alternative treatment option to stimulant therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Guanfacine extended release (GXR) and atomoxetine (ATX) are two non-stimulant medications approved in the United States for the treatment of ADHD. **Objective:** To identify non-stimulant ADHD medication attributes important to caregivers/patients. **Methods:** US caregivers of ADHD patients (6–17 years) and child/adolescent patients (10–17 years) completed an adaptive conjoint analysis survey. Respondents selected between hypothetical treatments with different attributes. Ordinary least-squares and hierarchical Bayes regression using Sawtooth Software were used to calculate utilities, importance ratings, and preferences. **Results:** 483 caregivers (mean age: 41.9 years, standard deviation [SD]: 8.7; 75% female) and 211 children/adolescents (mean age: 14.5 years, SD: 2.2; 70% male) completed the survey. Based on importance ratings, the most influential attributes for both caregivers and children/adolescents were chance of somnolence, efficacy, and for caregivers, effect on oppositionality and black box warning. Most caregivers (95.3%) and children/adolescents (93.8%) preferred GXR over ATX. In several sensitivity analyses in which attribute levels varied, GXR remained the preferred medication with the exception of one scenario. **Conclusions:** Children/adolescents and caregivers demonstrated in this study that they can clearly express their preferences for treatment attributes and treatment choices; in this case they preferred GXR to ATX. Patients and caregiver preferences could be useful inputs to the treatment selection decision-making process.