Is Endophyte-Plant Co-Denitrification a Source of Nitrous Oxides Emission? —An Experimental Investigation with Soybean
The biological pattern of plants’ nitrous oxide (N2O) generation is not well understood because plant cells cannot form N2O from nitric oxide (NO) reduction. Hypothetically, we consider that plant-endophytic co-denitrification is potentially capable of making up for the functional loss of...
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doaj-7d14a918b669441d825b1ac6a82dee222021-04-02T01:57:50ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952018-07-018710810.3390/agronomy8070108agronomy8070108Is Endophyte-Plant Co-Denitrification a Source of Nitrous Oxides Emission? —An Experimental Investigation with SoybeanHao Sun0Yuting Li1Hui Xu2Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, ChinaKey Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, ChinaCollege of life science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, ChinaThe biological pattern of plants’ nitrous oxide (N2O) generation is not well understood because plant cells cannot form N2O from nitric oxide (NO) reduction. Hypothetically, we consider that plant-endophytic co-denitrification is potentially capable of making up for the functional loss of NO reduction in the plant cell and is thus the source of plant-derived N2O. In order to test the above hypothesis, field-cultured soybean seedlings and aseptic-cultured seedlings were used to establish plant holobionts with differentially established endophytes. The N2O fluxes, copies of the bacterial NO reductase encoding gene, and a diversity of endophytic denitrifying bacteria of these holobionts were observed by gas chromatography, real-time PCR, and 16s rDNA sequencing. The flux of N2O by the field seedlings was significantly higher than the fluxes of the aseptic seedlings and bulk soil. The N2O flux of the soybean seedlings was significantly correlated to the abundance of the bacterial NO reductase encoding gene. Eleven genera of denitrifying bacteria were observed in the soybean seedlings, and among them, two genera of aerobic denitrifying bacteria were specifically associated with colonizing plant samples. In this work we have also showed that plant N2O emission is affected by the abundance of total endophytic denitrifying bacteria. We conclude that plant sourced N2O is cooperatively generated by the plant-endophyte symbiotic system in which endophytic denitrifying bacteria help plants to emit N2O by taking over the NO–N2O reduction process.http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/8/7/108plant derived N2Oendophytic bacteriaplant-endophytic co-denitrification |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Hao Sun Yuting Li Hui Xu |
spellingShingle |
Hao Sun Yuting Li Hui Xu Is Endophyte-Plant Co-Denitrification a Source of Nitrous Oxides Emission? —An Experimental Investigation with Soybean Agronomy plant derived N2O endophytic bacteria plant-endophytic co-denitrification |
author_facet |
Hao Sun Yuting Li Hui Xu |
author_sort |
Hao Sun |
title |
Is Endophyte-Plant Co-Denitrification a Source of Nitrous Oxides Emission? —An Experimental Investigation with Soybean |
title_short |
Is Endophyte-Plant Co-Denitrification a Source of Nitrous Oxides Emission? —An Experimental Investigation with Soybean |
title_full |
Is Endophyte-Plant Co-Denitrification a Source of Nitrous Oxides Emission? —An Experimental Investigation with Soybean |
title_fullStr |
Is Endophyte-Plant Co-Denitrification a Source of Nitrous Oxides Emission? —An Experimental Investigation with Soybean |
title_full_unstemmed |
Is Endophyte-Plant Co-Denitrification a Source of Nitrous Oxides Emission? —An Experimental Investigation with Soybean |
title_sort |
is endophyte-plant co-denitrification a source of nitrous oxides emission? —an experimental investigation with soybean |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Agronomy |
issn |
2073-4395 |
publishDate |
2018-07-01 |
description |
The biological pattern of plants’ nitrous oxide (N2O) generation is not well understood because plant cells cannot form N2O from nitric oxide (NO) reduction. Hypothetically, we consider that plant-endophytic co-denitrification is potentially capable of making up for the functional loss of NO reduction in the plant cell and is thus the source of plant-derived N2O. In order to test the above hypothesis, field-cultured soybean seedlings and aseptic-cultured seedlings were used to establish plant holobionts with differentially established endophytes. The N2O fluxes, copies of the bacterial NO reductase encoding gene, and a diversity of endophytic denitrifying bacteria of these holobionts were observed by gas chromatography, real-time PCR, and 16s rDNA sequencing. The flux of N2O by the field seedlings was significantly higher than the fluxes of the aseptic seedlings and bulk soil. The N2O flux of the soybean seedlings was significantly correlated to the abundance of the bacterial NO reductase encoding gene. Eleven genera of denitrifying bacteria were observed in the soybean seedlings, and among them, two genera of aerobic denitrifying bacteria were specifically associated with colonizing plant samples. In this work we have also showed that plant N2O emission is affected by the abundance of total endophytic denitrifying bacteria. We conclude that plant sourced N2O is cooperatively generated by the plant-endophyte symbiotic system in which endophytic denitrifying bacteria help plants to emit N2O by taking over the NO–N2O reduction process. |
topic |
plant derived N2O endophytic bacteria plant-endophytic co-denitrification |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/8/7/108 |
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