Gender Inequality: Entrepreneurship Development in the MENA Region
Entrepreneurship is increasingly popular among policy makers worldwide to promote and achieve economic development and growth. However, entrepreneurship rates differ from one country to another, and particularly the number of women entrepreneurs is still significantly lower than the number of male e...
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doaj-7dbd9e2027374a55935d69cbd2e327c42020-11-25T01:18:07ZengMDPI AGSustainability2071-10502019-11-011122647210.3390/su11226472su11226472Gender Inequality: Entrepreneurship Development in the MENA RegionBettina Lynda Bastian0Beverly Dawn Metcalfe1Mohammad Reza Zali2USEK Business School, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh 1200, LebanonUSEK Business School, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh 1200, LebanonFaculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran 1429813141, IranEntrepreneurship is increasingly popular among policy makers worldwide to promote and achieve economic development and growth. However, entrepreneurship rates differ from one country to another, and particularly the number of women entrepreneurs is still significantly lower than the number of male entrepreneurs in many contexts. In the present paper, we critically assess how country measures of gender inequality shape men and women’s entrepreneurial intentions, which were shown in literature to be excellent predictors of the establishment of new ventures. We analyze the direct and moderating effects of gender inequality on important individual-level antecedents of entrepreneurial intention. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) identified gender inequality as a key contributor to the loss of human development and declared “gender equality” as a sustainable development goal (SDG) in the UN 2030 agenda. Our research draws on the gender inequality index and GEM data from nine Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries. Our results show that a culture of inequality leads to limited entrepreneurial behavior by both men and women in a population.https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/22/6472womenmendevelopmentgender inequalityentrepreneurshipintentionsustainabilitymena |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Bettina Lynda Bastian Beverly Dawn Metcalfe Mohammad Reza Zali |
spellingShingle |
Bettina Lynda Bastian Beverly Dawn Metcalfe Mohammad Reza Zali Gender Inequality: Entrepreneurship Development in the MENA Region Sustainability women men development gender inequality entrepreneurship intention sustainability mena |
author_facet |
Bettina Lynda Bastian Beverly Dawn Metcalfe Mohammad Reza Zali |
author_sort |
Bettina Lynda Bastian |
title |
Gender Inequality: Entrepreneurship Development in the MENA Region |
title_short |
Gender Inequality: Entrepreneurship Development in the MENA Region |
title_full |
Gender Inequality: Entrepreneurship Development in the MENA Region |
title_fullStr |
Gender Inequality: Entrepreneurship Development in the MENA Region |
title_full_unstemmed |
Gender Inequality: Entrepreneurship Development in the MENA Region |
title_sort |
gender inequality: entrepreneurship development in the mena region |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Sustainability |
issn |
2071-1050 |
publishDate |
2019-11-01 |
description |
Entrepreneurship is increasingly popular among policy makers worldwide to promote and achieve economic development and growth. However, entrepreneurship rates differ from one country to another, and particularly the number of women entrepreneurs is still significantly lower than the number of male entrepreneurs in many contexts. In the present paper, we critically assess how country measures of gender inequality shape men and women’s entrepreneurial intentions, which were shown in literature to be excellent predictors of the establishment of new ventures. We analyze the direct and moderating effects of gender inequality on important individual-level antecedents of entrepreneurial intention. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) identified gender inequality as a key contributor to the loss of human development and declared “gender equality” as a sustainable development goal (SDG) in the UN 2030 agenda. Our research draws on the gender inequality index and GEM data from nine Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries. Our results show that a culture of inequality leads to limited entrepreneurial behavior by both men and women in a population. |
topic |
women men development gender inequality entrepreneurship intention sustainability mena |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/22/6472 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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