Turbulent kinetic energy over large offshore wind farms observed and simulated by the mesoscale model WRF (3.8.1)
<p>Wind farms affect local weather and microclimates; hence, parameterizations of their effects have been developed for numerical weather prediction models. While most wind farm parameterizations (WFPs) include drag effects of wind farms, models differ on whether or not an additional turbulent...
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doaj-7dc5dd3ceaa247f994117a1b2a87a8ec2020-11-25T02:36:24ZengCopernicus PublicationsGeoscientific Model Development1991-959X1991-96032020-01-011324926810.5194/gmd-13-249-2020Turbulent kinetic energy over large offshore wind farms observed and simulated by the mesoscale model WRF (3.8.1)S. K. Siedersleben0A. Platis1J. K. Lundquist2J. K. Lundquist3B. Djath4A. Lampert5K. Bärfuss6B. Cañadillas7J. Schulz-Stellenfleth8J. Bange9T. Neumann10S. Emeis11Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, GermanyEnvironmental Physics, ZAG, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, GermanyUniversity of Colorado, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Boulder, CO, USANational Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USAHelmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Coastal Research, Geesthacht, GermanyInstitute of Flight Guidance, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, GermanyInstitute of Flight Guidance, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, GermanyUL-DEWI Gmbh, Oldenburg, GermanyHelmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Coastal Research, Geesthacht, GermanyEnvironmental Physics, ZAG, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, GermanyUL-DEWI Gmbh, Oldenburg, GermanyInstitute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany<p>Wind farms affect local weather and microclimates; hence, parameterizations of their effects have been developed for numerical weather prediction models. While most wind farm parameterizations (WFPs) include drag effects of wind farms, models differ on whether or not an additional turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) source should be included in these parameterizations to simulate the impact of wind farms on the boundary layer. Therefore, we use aircraft measurements above large offshore wind farms in stable conditions to evaluate WFP choices. Of the three case studies we examine, we find the simulated ambient background flow to agree with observations of temperature stratification and winds. This agreement allows us to explore the sensitivity of simulated wind farm effects with respect to modeling choices such as whether or not to include a TKE source, horizontal resolution, vertical resolution and advection of TKE. For a stably stratified marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL), a TKE source and a horizontal resolution on the order of 5 km or finer are necessary to represent the impact of offshore wind farms on the MABL. Additionally, TKE advection results in excessively reduced TKE over the wind farms, which in turn causes an underestimation of the wind speed deficit above the wind farm. Furthermore, using fine vertical resolution increases the agreement of the simulated wind speed with satellite observations of surface wind speed.</p>https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/13/249/2020/gmd-13-249-2020.pdf |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
S. K. Siedersleben A. Platis J. K. Lundquist J. K. Lundquist B. Djath A. Lampert K. Bärfuss B. Cañadillas J. Schulz-Stellenfleth J. Bange T. Neumann S. Emeis |
spellingShingle |
S. K. Siedersleben A. Platis J. K. Lundquist J. K. Lundquist B. Djath A. Lampert K. Bärfuss B. Cañadillas J. Schulz-Stellenfleth J. Bange T. Neumann S. Emeis Turbulent kinetic energy over large offshore wind farms observed and simulated by the mesoscale model WRF (3.8.1) Geoscientific Model Development |
author_facet |
S. K. Siedersleben A. Platis J. K. Lundquist J. K. Lundquist B. Djath A. Lampert K. Bärfuss B. Cañadillas J. Schulz-Stellenfleth J. Bange T. Neumann S. Emeis |
author_sort |
S. K. Siedersleben |
title |
Turbulent kinetic energy over large offshore wind farms observed and simulated by the mesoscale model WRF (3.8.1) |
title_short |
Turbulent kinetic energy over large offshore wind farms observed and simulated by the mesoscale model WRF (3.8.1) |
title_full |
Turbulent kinetic energy over large offshore wind farms observed and simulated by the mesoscale model WRF (3.8.1) |
title_fullStr |
Turbulent kinetic energy over large offshore wind farms observed and simulated by the mesoscale model WRF (3.8.1) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Turbulent kinetic energy over large offshore wind farms observed and simulated by the mesoscale model WRF (3.8.1) |
title_sort |
turbulent kinetic energy over large offshore wind farms observed and simulated by the mesoscale model wrf (3.8.1) |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
series |
Geoscientific Model Development |
issn |
1991-959X 1991-9603 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
<p>Wind farms affect local weather and microclimates;
hence, parameterizations of their effects have been developed for numerical weather prediction models.
While most wind farm parameterizations (WFPs) include drag effects of wind farms, models differ on whether or not an additional
turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) source should be included in these
parameterizations to simulate the impact of wind farms on the boundary layer.
Therefore, we use aircraft measurements above large offshore wind farms in stable conditions to evaluate
WFP choices. Of the three case studies we examine, we find the simulated ambient background
flow to agree with observations of temperature stratification and winds. This agreement allows us to
explore the sensitivity of simulated wind farm effects with respect to modeling choices
such as whether or not to include a TKE source, horizontal resolution, vertical resolution
and advection of TKE. For a stably stratified marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL), a TKE source and a horizontal resolution
on the order of 5 km or finer are necessary to represent the impact of offshore wind farms on the MABL.
Additionally, TKE advection results in excessively reduced TKE over the wind farms, which in turn causes
an underestimation of the wind speed deficit above the wind farm. Furthermore, using fine vertical
resolution increases the agreement of the simulated wind speed with satellite observations of surface wind speed.</p> |
url |
https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/13/249/2020/gmd-13-249-2020.pdf |
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