Comprehensive Leaf Cell Wall Analysis Using Carbohydrate Microarrays Reveals Polysaccharide-Level Variation between <i>Vitis</i> Species with Differing Resistance to Downy Mildew
The cell wall acts as one of the first barriers of the plant against various biotic stressors. Previous studies have shown that alterations in wall polysaccharides may influence crop disease resistance. In the grapevine family, several native species (e.g., Chinese wild grapevine) show a naturally h...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/9/1379 |
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Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Yu Gao Xiangjing Yin Haoyu Jiang Jeanett Hansen Bodil Jørgensen John P. Moore Peining Fu Wei Wu Bohan Yang Wenxiu Ye Shiren Song Jiang Lu |
spellingShingle |
Yu Gao Xiangjing Yin Haoyu Jiang Jeanett Hansen Bodil Jørgensen John P. Moore Peining Fu Wei Wu Bohan Yang Wenxiu Ye Shiren Song Jiang Lu Comprehensive Leaf Cell Wall Analysis Using Carbohydrate Microarrays Reveals Polysaccharide-Level Variation between <i>Vitis</i> Species with Differing Resistance to Downy Mildew Polymers cell wall grapevine oomycete polysaccharide microarray monoclonal antibodies |
author_facet |
Yu Gao Xiangjing Yin Haoyu Jiang Jeanett Hansen Bodil Jørgensen John P. Moore Peining Fu Wei Wu Bohan Yang Wenxiu Ye Shiren Song Jiang Lu |
author_sort |
Yu Gao |
title |
Comprehensive Leaf Cell Wall Analysis Using Carbohydrate Microarrays Reveals Polysaccharide-Level Variation between <i>Vitis</i> Species with Differing Resistance to Downy Mildew |
title_short |
Comprehensive Leaf Cell Wall Analysis Using Carbohydrate Microarrays Reveals Polysaccharide-Level Variation between <i>Vitis</i> Species with Differing Resistance to Downy Mildew |
title_full |
Comprehensive Leaf Cell Wall Analysis Using Carbohydrate Microarrays Reveals Polysaccharide-Level Variation between <i>Vitis</i> Species with Differing Resistance to Downy Mildew |
title_fullStr |
Comprehensive Leaf Cell Wall Analysis Using Carbohydrate Microarrays Reveals Polysaccharide-Level Variation between <i>Vitis</i> Species with Differing Resistance to Downy Mildew |
title_full_unstemmed |
Comprehensive Leaf Cell Wall Analysis Using Carbohydrate Microarrays Reveals Polysaccharide-Level Variation between <i>Vitis</i> Species with Differing Resistance to Downy Mildew |
title_sort |
comprehensive leaf cell wall analysis using carbohydrate microarrays reveals polysaccharide-level variation between <i>vitis</i> species with differing resistance to downy mildew |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Polymers |
issn |
2073-4360 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
The cell wall acts as one of the first barriers of the plant against various biotic stressors. Previous studies have shown that alterations in wall polysaccharides may influence crop disease resistance. In the grapevine family, several native species (e.g., Chinese wild grapevine) show a naturally higher resistance to microbial pathogens than cultivated species (e.g., <i>Vitis vinifera</i>), and this trait could be inherited through breeding. Despite the importance of the cell wall in plant immunity, there are currently no comprehensive cell wall profiles of grapevine leaves displaying differing resistance phenotypes, due to the complex nature of the cell wall and the limitations of analytical techniques available. In this study, the cutting-edge comprehensive carbohydrate microarray technology was applied to profile uninfected leaves of the susceptible cultivar (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> cv. “Cabernet Sauvignon”), a resistant cultivar (<i>Vitis amurensis</i> cv. “Shuanghong”) and a hybrid offspring cross displaying moderate resistance. The microarray approach uses monoclonal antibodies, which recognize polysaccharides epitopes, and found that epitope abundances of highly esterified homogalacturonan (HG), xyloglucan (with XXXG motif), (galacto)(gluco)mannan and arabinogalactan protein (AGP) appeared to be positively correlated with the high resistance of <i>Vitis amurensis</i> cv. “Shuanghong” to mildew. The quantification work by gas chromatography did not reveal any significant differences for the monosaccharide constituents, suggesting that polysaccharide structural alterations may contribute more crucially to the resistance observed; this is again supported by the contact infrared spectroscopy of cell wall residues, revealing chemical functional group changes (e.g., esterification of pectin). The identification of certain wall polysaccharides that showed alterations could be further correlated with resistance to mildew. Data from the use of the hybrid material in this study have preliminarily suggested that these traits could be inherited and may be applied as potential structural biomarkers in future breeding work. |
topic |
cell wall grapevine oomycete polysaccharide microarray monoclonal antibodies |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/9/1379 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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1721512180880244736 |
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doaj-7deae377dd2c4e218b7530b03a7da8752021-04-23T23:03:31ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-04-01131379137910.3390/polym13091379Comprehensive Leaf Cell Wall Analysis Using Carbohydrate Microarrays Reveals Polysaccharide-Level Variation between <i>Vitis</i> Species with Differing Resistance to Downy MildewYu Gao0Xiangjing Yin1Haoyu Jiang2Jeanett Hansen3Bodil Jørgensen4John P. Moore5Peining Fu6Wei Wu7Bohan Yang8Wenxiu Ye9Shiren Song10Jiang Lu11Center for Viticulture and Enology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaForestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, ChinaCenter for Viticulture and Enology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaDepartment of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, DenmarkDepartment of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, DenmarkDepartment of Viticulture and Oenology, South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South AfricaCenter for Viticulture and Enology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaCenter for Viticulture and Enology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaCenter for Viticulture and Enology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaCenter for Viticulture and Enology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaCenter for Viticulture and Enology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaCenter for Viticulture and Enology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaThe cell wall acts as one of the first barriers of the plant against various biotic stressors. Previous studies have shown that alterations in wall polysaccharides may influence crop disease resistance. In the grapevine family, several native species (e.g., Chinese wild grapevine) show a naturally higher resistance to microbial pathogens than cultivated species (e.g., <i>Vitis vinifera</i>), and this trait could be inherited through breeding. Despite the importance of the cell wall in plant immunity, there are currently no comprehensive cell wall profiles of grapevine leaves displaying differing resistance phenotypes, due to the complex nature of the cell wall and the limitations of analytical techniques available. In this study, the cutting-edge comprehensive carbohydrate microarray technology was applied to profile uninfected leaves of the susceptible cultivar (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> cv. “Cabernet Sauvignon”), a resistant cultivar (<i>Vitis amurensis</i> cv. “Shuanghong”) and a hybrid offspring cross displaying moderate resistance. The microarray approach uses monoclonal antibodies, which recognize polysaccharides epitopes, and found that epitope abundances of highly esterified homogalacturonan (HG), xyloglucan (with XXXG motif), (galacto)(gluco)mannan and arabinogalactan protein (AGP) appeared to be positively correlated with the high resistance of <i>Vitis amurensis</i> cv. “Shuanghong” to mildew. The quantification work by gas chromatography did not reveal any significant differences for the monosaccharide constituents, suggesting that polysaccharide structural alterations may contribute more crucially to the resistance observed; this is again supported by the contact infrared spectroscopy of cell wall residues, revealing chemical functional group changes (e.g., esterification of pectin). The identification of certain wall polysaccharides that showed alterations could be further correlated with resistance to mildew. Data from the use of the hybrid material in this study have preliminarily suggested that these traits could be inherited and may be applied as potential structural biomarkers in future breeding work.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/9/1379cell wallgrapevineoomycetepolysaccharide microarraymonoclonal antibodies |