Dietary Fiber and the Human Gut Microbiota: Application of Evidence Mapping Methodology
Interest is rapidly growing around the role of the human gut microbiota in facilitating beneficial health effects associated with consumption of dietary fiber. An evidence map of current research activity in this area was created using a newly developed database of dietary fiber intervention studies...
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doaj-7edc5bbb997c452386bbd64dccfd3e402020-11-24T23:28:52ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432017-02-019212510.3390/nu9020125nu9020125Dietary Fiber and the Human Gut Microbiota: Application of Evidence Mapping MethodologyCaleigh M. Sawicki0Kara A. Livingston1Martin Obin2Susan B. Roberts3Mei Chung4Nicola M. McKeown5Nutritional Epidemiology, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USANutritional Epidemiology, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USANutrition & Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USAEnergy Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USANutrition/Infection Unit, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USANutritional Epidemiology, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USAInterest is rapidly growing around the role of the human gut microbiota in facilitating beneficial health effects associated with consumption of dietary fiber. An evidence map of current research activity in this area was created using a newly developed database of dietary fiber intervention studies in humans to identify studies with the following broad outcomes: (1) modulation of colonic microflora; and/or (2) colonic fermentation/short-chain fatty acid concentration. Study design characteristics, fiber exposures, and outcome categories were summarized. A sub-analysis described oligosaccharides and bacterial composition in greater detail. One hundred eighty-eight relevant studies were identified. The fiber categories represented by the most studies were oligosaccharides (20%), resistant starch (16%), and chemically synthesized fibers (15%). Short-chain fatty acid concentration (47%) and bacterial composition (88%) were the most frequently studied outcomes. Whole-diet interventions, measures of bacterial activity, and studies in metabolically at-risk subjects were identified as potential gaps in the evidence. This evidence map efficiently captured the variability in characteristics of expanding research on dietary fiber, gut microbiota, and physiological health benefits, and identified areas that may benefit from further research. We hope that this evidence map will provide a resource for researchers to direct new intervention studies and meta-analyses.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/2/125dietary fibergut microbiotaevidence mapcolonic fermentationoligosaccharidesresistant starchcereal fiberBifidobacteriaLactobacilli |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Caleigh M. Sawicki Kara A. Livingston Martin Obin Susan B. Roberts Mei Chung Nicola M. McKeown |
spellingShingle |
Caleigh M. Sawicki Kara A. Livingston Martin Obin Susan B. Roberts Mei Chung Nicola M. McKeown Dietary Fiber and the Human Gut Microbiota: Application of Evidence Mapping Methodology Nutrients dietary fiber gut microbiota evidence map colonic fermentation oligosaccharides resistant starch cereal fiber Bifidobacteria Lactobacilli |
author_facet |
Caleigh M. Sawicki Kara A. Livingston Martin Obin Susan B. Roberts Mei Chung Nicola M. McKeown |
author_sort |
Caleigh M. Sawicki |
title |
Dietary Fiber and the Human Gut Microbiota: Application of Evidence Mapping Methodology |
title_short |
Dietary Fiber and the Human Gut Microbiota: Application of Evidence Mapping Methodology |
title_full |
Dietary Fiber and the Human Gut Microbiota: Application of Evidence Mapping Methodology |
title_fullStr |
Dietary Fiber and the Human Gut Microbiota: Application of Evidence Mapping Methodology |
title_full_unstemmed |
Dietary Fiber and the Human Gut Microbiota: Application of Evidence Mapping Methodology |
title_sort |
dietary fiber and the human gut microbiota: application of evidence mapping methodology |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nutrients |
issn |
2072-6643 |
publishDate |
2017-02-01 |
description |
Interest is rapidly growing around the role of the human gut microbiota in facilitating beneficial health effects associated with consumption of dietary fiber. An evidence map of current research activity in this area was created using a newly developed database of dietary fiber intervention studies in humans to identify studies with the following broad outcomes: (1) modulation of colonic microflora; and/or (2) colonic fermentation/short-chain fatty acid concentration. Study design characteristics, fiber exposures, and outcome categories were summarized. A sub-analysis described oligosaccharides and bacterial composition in greater detail. One hundred eighty-eight relevant studies were identified. The fiber categories represented by the most studies were oligosaccharides (20%), resistant starch (16%), and chemically synthesized fibers (15%). Short-chain fatty acid concentration (47%) and bacterial composition (88%) were the most frequently studied outcomes. Whole-diet interventions, measures of bacterial activity, and studies in metabolically at-risk subjects were identified as potential gaps in the evidence. This evidence map efficiently captured the variability in characteristics of expanding research on dietary fiber, gut microbiota, and physiological health benefits, and identified areas that may benefit from further research. We hope that this evidence map will provide a resource for researchers to direct new intervention studies and meta-analyses. |
topic |
dietary fiber gut microbiota evidence map colonic fermentation oligosaccharides resistant starch cereal fiber Bifidobacteria Lactobacilli |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/2/125 |
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