Use of Neuroenhancement Drugs: Prevalence, Frequency and Use Expectations in Switzerland
Objective: The present study investigates the use expectations, prevalence and frequency of neuroenhancement drug (ND) use among the Swiss male population, separating college students from others. Methods: Young Swiss men were invited to participate in the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors....
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doaj-7f293bfcdf1b4e938fc7a3ebac193fd92020-11-24T23:03:46ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1660-46012014-03-011133032304510.3390/ijerph110303032ijerph110303032Use of Neuroenhancement Drugs: Prevalence, Frequency and Use Expectations in SwitzerlandStéphane Deline0Stéphanie Baggio1Joseph Studer2Alexandra A. N'Goran3Marc Dupuis4Yves Henchoz5Meichun Mohler-Kuo6Jean-Bernard Daeppen7Gerhard Gmel8Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Av. Beaumont 21 Bis, Pavillon 2, Lausanne CH-1011, SwitzerlandInstitute for Social Sciences, University of Lausanne, Geopolis Building, Lausanne CH-1015, SwitzerlandAlcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Av. Beaumont 21 Bis, Pavillon 2, Lausanne CH-1011, SwitzerlandAlcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Av. Beaumont 21 Bis, Pavillon 2, Lausanne CH-1011, SwitzerlandInstitute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Geopolis Building, Lausanne CH-1015, SwitzerlandAlcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Av. Beaumont 21 Bis, Pavillon 2, Lausanne CH-1011, SwitzerlandInstitute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, Zurich CH-8001, SwitzerlandAlcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Av. Beaumont 21 Bis, Pavillon 2, Lausanne CH-1011, SwitzerlandAlcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Av. Beaumont 21 Bis, Pavillon 2, Lausanne CH-1011, SwitzerlandObjective: The present study investigates the use expectations, prevalence and frequency of neuroenhancement drug (ND) use among the Swiss male population, separating college students from others. Methods: Young Swiss men were invited to participate in the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors. A total of 5,967 participants responded to questions on six types of NDs (wakefulness medication, antidepressants, Alzheimer’s disease medication, Parkinson’s disease medication, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication, and beta-blockers). The frequency of use depending on five expectations (to enhance wakefulness, attention, memory, concentration and stress reduction) was analyzed for a twelve-month period. Results: (1) About 3% of the sample indicated use of at least one ND; (2) ADHD medication was the most prevalent; (3) The type of ND preferred differed depending on academic status (4). Quantitatively, over the year, college student users used ND much less frequently than other users. Conclusions: Prevalence of ND use is low in Switzerland relative to other countries such as the United States. Patterns of ND use differed depending on academic status, suggesting that while college student ND users tended to do so rarely (probably to enhance cognitive abilities for exams), non-college male users used other NDs more frequently (probably to “get high”).http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/11/3/3032college studentsexpectations of useneuroenhancementprevalencesmart drugs |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Stéphane Deline Stéphanie Baggio Joseph Studer Alexandra A. N'Goran Marc Dupuis Yves Henchoz Meichun Mohler-Kuo Jean-Bernard Daeppen Gerhard Gmel |
spellingShingle |
Stéphane Deline Stéphanie Baggio Joseph Studer Alexandra A. N'Goran Marc Dupuis Yves Henchoz Meichun Mohler-Kuo Jean-Bernard Daeppen Gerhard Gmel Use of Neuroenhancement Drugs: Prevalence, Frequency and Use Expectations in Switzerland International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health college students expectations of use neuroenhancement prevalence smart drugs |
author_facet |
Stéphane Deline Stéphanie Baggio Joseph Studer Alexandra A. N'Goran Marc Dupuis Yves Henchoz Meichun Mohler-Kuo Jean-Bernard Daeppen Gerhard Gmel |
author_sort |
Stéphane Deline |
title |
Use of Neuroenhancement Drugs: Prevalence, Frequency and Use Expectations in Switzerland |
title_short |
Use of Neuroenhancement Drugs: Prevalence, Frequency and Use Expectations in Switzerland |
title_full |
Use of Neuroenhancement Drugs: Prevalence, Frequency and Use Expectations in Switzerland |
title_fullStr |
Use of Neuroenhancement Drugs: Prevalence, Frequency and Use Expectations in Switzerland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Use of Neuroenhancement Drugs: Prevalence, Frequency and Use Expectations in Switzerland |
title_sort |
use of neuroenhancement drugs: prevalence, frequency and use expectations in switzerland |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2014-03-01 |
description |
Objective: The present study investigates the use expectations, prevalence and frequency of neuroenhancement drug (ND) use among the Swiss male population, separating college students from others. Methods: Young Swiss men were invited to participate in the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors. A total of 5,967 participants responded to questions on six types of NDs (wakefulness medication, antidepressants, Alzheimer’s disease medication, Parkinson’s disease medication, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication, and beta-blockers). The frequency of use depending on five expectations (to enhance wakefulness, attention, memory, concentration and stress reduction) was analyzed for a twelve-month period. Results: (1) About 3% of the sample indicated use of at least one ND; (2) ADHD medication was the most prevalent; (3) The type of ND preferred differed depending on academic status (4). Quantitatively, over the year, college student users used ND much less frequently than other users. Conclusions: Prevalence of ND use is low in Switzerland relative to other countries such as the United States. Patterns of ND use differed depending on academic status, suggesting that while college student ND users tended to do so rarely (probably to enhance cognitive abilities for exams), non-college male users used other NDs more frequently (probably to “get high”). |
topic |
college students expectations of use neuroenhancement prevalence smart drugs |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/11/3/3032 |
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