Protein Sumoylation Is Crucial for Phagocytosis in <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> Trophozoites
Posttranslational modifications provide <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> proteins the timing and signaling to intervene during different processes, such as phagocytosis. However, SUMOylation has not been studied in <i>E. histolytica</i> yet. Here, we characterized the <i>E....
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doaj-7f5f9273a0bb412aa81f385c5310bab52021-06-01T01:18:19ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-05-01225709570910.3390/ijms22115709Protein Sumoylation Is Crucial for Phagocytosis in <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> TrophozoitesMitzi Díaz-Hernández0Rosario Javier-Reyna1Izaid Sotto-Ortega2Guillermina García-Rivera3Sarita Montaño4Abigail Betanzos5Dxinegueela Zanatta6Esther Orozco7Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City 07360, MexicoDepartamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City 07360, MexicoBacteriología y Laboratorio Clínico, Universidad de Santander, 200004 Valledupar, ColombiaDepartamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City 07360, MexicoLaboratorio de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Sinaloa 80030, MexicoDepartamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City 07360, MexicoDepartamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City 07360, MexicoDepartamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City 07360, MexicoPosttranslational modifications provide <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> proteins the timing and signaling to intervene during different processes, such as phagocytosis. However, SUMOylation has not been studied in <i>E. histolytica</i> yet. Here, we characterized the <i>E. histolytica SUMO</i> gene, its product (EhSUMO), and the relevance of SUMOylation in phagocytosis. Our results indicated that EhSUMO has an extended N-terminus that differentiates SUMO from ubiquitin. It also presents the GG residues at the C-terminus and the ΨKXE/D binding motif, both involved in target protein contact. Additionally, the <i>E. histolytica</i> genome possesses the enzymes belonging to the SUMOylation-deSUMOylation machinery. Confocal microscopy assays disclosed a remarkable EhSUMO membrane activity with convoluted and changing structures in trophozoites during erythrophagocytosis. SUMOylated proteins appeared in pseudopodia, phagocytic channels, and around the adhered and ingested erythrocytes. Docking analysis predicted interaction of EhSUMO with EhADH (an ALIX family protein), and immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays revealed that the association increased during phagocytosis; whereas the EhVps32 (a protein of the ESCRT-III complex)-EhSUMO interaction appeared stronger since basal conditions. In <i>EhSUMO</i> knocked-down trophozoites, the bizarre membranous structures disappeared, and EhSUMO interaction with EhADH and EhVps32 diminished. Our results evidenced the presence of a <i>SUMO</i> gene in <i>E. histolytica</i> and the SUMOylation relevance during phagocytosis. This is supported by bioinformatics screening of many other proteins of <i>E. histolytica</i> involved in phagocytosis, which present putative SUMOylation sites and the ΨKXE/D binding motif.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/11/5709SUMOylationphagocytosis<i>E. histolytica</i>ESCRT machineryEhADH adhesin |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Mitzi Díaz-Hernández Rosario Javier-Reyna Izaid Sotto-Ortega Guillermina García-Rivera Sarita Montaño Abigail Betanzos Dxinegueela Zanatta Esther Orozco |
spellingShingle |
Mitzi Díaz-Hernández Rosario Javier-Reyna Izaid Sotto-Ortega Guillermina García-Rivera Sarita Montaño Abigail Betanzos Dxinegueela Zanatta Esther Orozco Protein Sumoylation Is Crucial for Phagocytosis in <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> Trophozoites International Journal of Molecular Sciences SUMOylation phagocytosis <i>E. histolytica</i> ESCRT machinery EhADH adhesin |
author_facet |
Mitzi Díaz-Hernández Rosario Javier-Reyna Izaid Sotto-Ortega Guillermina García-Rivera Sarita Montaño Abigail Betanzos Dxinegueela Zanatta Esther Orozco |
author_sort |
Mitzi Díaz-Hernández |
title |
Protein Sumoylation Is Crucial for Phagocytosis in <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> Trophozoites |
title_short |
Protein Sumoylation Is Crucial for Phagocytosis in <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> Trophozoites |
title_full |
Protein Sumoylation Is Crucial for Phagocytosis in <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> Trophozoites |
title_fullStr |
Protein Sumoylation Is Crucial for Phagocytosis in <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> Trophozoites |
title_full_unstemmed |
Protein Sumoylation Is Crucial for Phagocytosis in <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> Trophozoites |
title_sort |
protein sumoylation is crucial for phagocytosis in <i>entamoeba histolytica</i> trophozoites |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1661-6596 1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2021-05-01 |
description |
Posttranslational modifications provide <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> proteins the timing and signaling to intervene during different processes, such as phagocytosis. However, SUMOylation has not been studied in <i>E. histolytica</i> yet. Here, we characterized the <i>E. histolytica SUMO</i> gene, its product (EhSUMO), and the relevance of SUMOylation in phagocytosis. Our results indicated that EhSUMO has an extended N-terminus that differentiates SUMO from ubiquitin. It also presents the GG residues at the C-terminus and the ΨKXE/D binding motif, both involved in target protein contact. Additionally, the <i>E. histolytica</i> genome possesses the enzymes belonging to the SUMOylation-deSUMOylation machinery. Confocal microscopy assays disclosed a remarkable EhSUMO membrane activity with convoluted and changing structures in trophozoites during erythrophagocytosis. SUMOylated proteins appeared in pseudopodia, phagocytic channels, and around the adhered and ingested erythrocytes. Docking analysis predicted interaction of EhSUMO with EhADH (an ALIX family protein), and immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays revealed that the association increased during phagocytosis; whereas the EhVps32 (a protein of the ESCRT-III complex)-EhSUMO interaction appeared stronger since basal conditions. In <i>EhSUMO</i> knocked-down trophozoites, the bizarre membranous structures disappeared, and EhSUMO interaction with EhADH and EhVps32 diminished. Our results evidenced the presence of a <i>SUMO</i> gene in <i>E. histolytica</i> and the SUMOylation relevance during phagocytosis. This is supported by bioinformatics screening of many other proteins of <i>E. histolytica</i> involved in phagocytosis, which present putative SUMOylation sites and the ΨKXE/D binding motif. |
topic |
SUMOylation phagocytosis <i>E. histolytica</i> ESCRT machinery EhADH adhesin |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/11/5709 |
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