Expansion of Neutrophils and Classical and Nonclassical Monocytes as a Hallmark in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Neutrophils and monocytes encompassing the classical, intermediate, and nonclassical population constitute the majority of circulating myeloid cells in humans and represent the first line of innate immune defense. As such, changes in their relative and absolute amounts serve as sensitive markers of...
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doaj-7f93c35fedb94ba280d262d0df5bf8982020-11-25T02:26:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242020-04-011110.3389/fimmu.2020.00594507993Expansion of Neutrophils and Classical and Nonclassical Monocytes as a Hallmark in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple SclerosisDavid Haschka0Piotr Tymoszuk1Gabriel Bsteh2Gabriel Bsteh3Verena Petzer4Klaus Berek5Igor Theurl6Thomas Berger7Günter Weiss8Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaDepartment of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaNeutrophils and monocytes encompassing the classical, intermediate, and nonclassical population constitute the majority of circulating myeloid cells in humans and represent the first line of innate immune defense. As such, changes in their relative and absolute amounts serve as sensitive markers of diverse inflammatory conditions. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, causing demyelination and axonal loss, affecting various neuron functions and often causing irreversible neurological disability. MS disease course is individually highly heterogeneous but can be classified as progressive (PMS) or relapsing-remitting (RRMS). Each MS course type may be further characterized as active or inactive, depending on the recent disability progression and/or current relapses. Data on specific alterations of the myeloid compartment in association with MS disease course are scarce and conflicting. In the current study, we systematically immunophenotyped blood myeloid leukocytes by flow cytometry in 15 healthy and 65 MS subjects. We found a highly significant expansion of granulocytes, CD15+ neutrophils, and classical and nonclassical monocytes in inactive RRMS (RRMSi) with concomitant shrinkage of the lymphocyte compartment, which did not correlate with biochemical readouts of systemic inflammation. Each of these leukocyte populations and the combined myeloid signature accurately differentiated RRMSi from other MS forms. Additionally, nonclassical monocyte proportions were particularly elevated in RRMSi individuals receiving disease-modifying therapy (DMT), such as natalizumab. Our results suggest that flow cytometry-based myeloid cell immunophenotyping in MS may help to identify RRMSi earlier and facilitate monitoring of DMT response.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00594/fullneutrophilsclassical monocytesnonclassical monocytesmultiple sclerosisrelapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
David Haschka Piotr Tymoszuk Gabriel Bsteh Gabriel Bsteh Verena Petzer Klaus Berek Igor Theurl Thomas Berger Günter Weiss |
spellingShingle |
David Haschka Piotr Tymoszuk Gabriel Bsteh Gabriel Bsteh Verena Petzer Klaus Berek Igor Theurl Thomas Berger Günter Weiss Expansion of Neutrophils and Classical and Nonclassical Monocytes as a Hallmark in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Frontiers in Immunology neutrophils classical monocytes nonclassical monocytes multiple sclerosis relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis |
author_facet |
David Haschka Piotr Tymoszuk Gabriel Bsteh Gabriel Bsteh Verena Petzer Klaus Berek Igor Theurl Thomas Berger Günter Weiss |
author_sort |
David Haschka |
title |
Expansion of Neutrophils and Classical and Nonclassical Monocytes as a Hallmark in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis |
title_short |
Expansion of Neutrophils and Classical and Nonclassical Monocytes as a Hallmark in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis |
title_full |
Expansion of Neutrophils and Classical and Nonclassical Monocytes as a Hallmark in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis |
title_fullStr |
Expansion of Neutrophils and Classical and Nonclassical Monocytes as a Hallmark in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Expansion of Neutrophils and Classical and Nonclassical Monocytes as a Hallmark in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis |
title_sort |
expansion of neutrophils and classical and nonclassical monocytes as a hallmark in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Immunology |
issn |
1664-3224 |
publishDate |
2020-04-01 |
description |
Neutrophils and monocytes encompassing the classical, intermediate, and nonclassical population constitute the majority of circulating myeloid cells in humans and represent the first line of innate immune defense. As such, changes in their relative and absolute amounts serve as sensitive markers of diverse inflammatory conditions. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, causing demyelination and axonal loss, affecting various neuron functions and often causing irreversible neurological disability. MS disease course is individually highly heterogeneous but can be classified as progressive (PMS) or relapsing-remitting (RRMS). Each MS course type may be further characterized as active or inactive, depending on the recent disability progression and/or current relapses. Data on specific alterations of the myeloid compartment in association with MS disease course are scarce and conflicting. In the current study, we systematically immunophenotyped blood myeloid leukocytes by flow cytometry in 15 healthy and 65 MS subjects. We found a highly significant expansion of granulocytes, CD15+ neutrophils, and classical and nonclassical monocytes in inactive RRMS (RRMSi) with concomitant shrinkage of the lymphocyte compartment, which did not correlate with biochemical readouts of systemic inflammation. Each of these leukocyte populations and the combined myeloid signature accurately differentiated RRMSi from other MS forms. Additionally, nonclassical monocyte proportions were particularly elevated in RRMSi individuals receiving disease-modifying therapy (DMT), such as natalizumab. Our results suggest that flow cytometry-based myeloid cell immunophenotyping in MS may help to identify RRMSi earlier and facilitate monitoring of DMT response. |
topic |
neutrophils classical monocytes nonclassical monocytes multiple sclerosis relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00594/full |
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