Effect of elevated CO₂ on the dynamics of particle-attached and free-living bacterioplankton communities in an Arctic fjord

• Main Authors: S. Romac, U. Riebesell, J. I. Nissimov, L. Bittner, J. Gilbert, J. La Roche, A.-S. Roy, H. Schunck, A. Wichels, G. Gerdts, J. Piontek, M. Sperling, A. Engel
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Copernicus Publications 2013-01-01
• Series: Biogeosciences
• Online Access: http://www.biogeosciences.net/10/181/2013/bg-10-181-2013.pdf
• ISSN: 1726-4170; 1726-4189

In the frame of the European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA), the response of an Arctic pelagic community (<3 mm) to a gradient of seawater <i>p</i>CO₂ was investigated. For this purpose 9 large-scale in situ mesocosms were deployed in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (78°56.2´ N, 11°53.6´ E), in 2010. The present study investigates effects on the communities of particle-attached (PA; >3 μm) and free-living (FL; < 3 μm > 0.2 μm) bacteria by Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (ARISA) in 6 of the mesocosms, ranging from 185 to 1050 μatm initial <i>p</i>CO₂, and the surrounding fjord. ARISA was able to resolve, on average, 27 bacterial band classes per sample and allowed for a detailed investigation of the explicit richness and diversity. Both, the PA and the FL bacterioplankton community exhibited a strong temporal development, which was driven mainly by temperature and phytoplankton development. In response to the breakdown of a picophytoplankton bloom, numbers of ARISA band classes in the PA community were reduced at low and medium CO₂ (~ 185–685 μatm) by about 25%, while they were more or less stable at high CO₂ (~ 820–1050 μatm). We hypothesise that enhanced viral lysis and enhanced availability of organic substrates at high CO₂ resulted in a more diverse PA bacterial community in the post-bloom phase. Despite lower cell numbers and extracellular enzyme activities in the post-bloom phase, bacterial protein production was enhanced in high CO₂ mesocosms, suggesting a positive effect of community richness on this function and on carbon cycling by bacteria.