Secondary siRNAs in Plants: Biosynthesis, Various Functions, and Applications in Virology
The major components of RNA silencing include both transitive and systemic small RNAs, which are technically called secondary sRNAs. Double-stranded RNAs trigger systemic silencing pathways to negatively regulate gene expression. The secondary siRNAs generated as a result of transitive silencing als...
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doaj-8056022d5730493885f9eec7fc1db6b82021-03-02T04:44:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2021-03-011210.3389/fpls.2021.610283610283Secondary siRNAs in Plants: Biosynthesis, Various Functions, and Applications in VirologyNeeti Sanan-Mishra0A. Abdul Kader Jailani1A. Abdul Kader Jailani2Bikash Mandal3Sunil K. Mukherjee4Plant RNAi Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, IndiaPlant RNAi Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, IndiaAdvanced Center for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, IndiaAdvanced Center for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, IndiaAdvanced Center for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, IndiaThe major components of RNA silencing include both transitive and systemic small RNAs, which are technically called secondary sRNAs. Double-stranded RNAs trigger systemic silencing pathways to negatively regulate gene expression. The secondary siRNAs generated as a result of transitive silencing also play a substantial role in gene silencing especially in antiviral defense. In this review, we first describe the discovery and pathways of transitivity with emphasis on RNA-dependent RNA polymerases followed by description on the short range and systemic spread of silencing. We also provide an in-depth view on the various size classes of secondary siRNAs and their different roles in RNA silencing including their categorization based on their biogenesis. The other regulatory roles of secondary siRNAs in transgene silencing, virus-induced gene silencing, transitivity, and trans-species transfer have also been detailed. The possible implications and applications of systemic silencing and the different gene silencing tools developed are also described. The details on mobility and roles of secondary siRNAs derived from viral genome in plant defense against the respective viruses are presented. This entails the description of other compatible plant–virus interactions and the corresponding small RNAs that determine recovery from disease symptoms, exclusion of viruses from shoot meristems, and natural resistance. The last section presents an overview on the usefulness of RNA silencing for management of viral infections in crop plants.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.610283/fullRNA silencingsynthetic tasiRNA induced gene silencing (SIGS)heterochromatic siRNAVsiRNAartificial tasiRNA constructsvirus resistance |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Neeti Sanan-Mishra A. Abdul Kader Jailani A. Abdul Kader Jailani Bikash Mandal Sunil K. Mukherjee |
spellingShingle |
Neeti Sanan-Mishra A. Abdul Kader Jailani A. Abdul Kader Jailani Bikash Mandal Sunil K. Mukherjee Secondary siRNAs in Plants: Biosynthesis, Various Functions, and Applications in Virology Frontiers in Plant Science RNA silencing synthetic tasiRNA induced gene silencing (SIGS) heterochromatic siRNA VsiRNA artificial tasiRNA constructs virus resistance |
author_facet |
Neeti Sanan-Mishra A. Abdul Kader Jailani A. Abdul Kader Jailani Bikash Mandal Sunil K. Mukherjee |
author_sort |
Neeti Sanan-Mishra |
title |
Secondary siRNAs in Plants: Biosynthesis, Various Functions, and Applications in Virology |
title_short |
Secondary siRNAs in Plants: Biosynthesis, Various Functions, and Applications in Virology |
title_full |
Secondary siRNAs in Plants: Biosynthesis, Various Functions, and Applications in Virology |
title_fullStr |
Secondary siRNAs in Plants: Biosynthesis, Various Functions, and Applications in Virology |
title_full_unstemmed |
Secondary siRNAs in Plants: Biosynthesis, Various Functions, and Applications in Virology |
title_sort |
secondary sirnas in plants: biosynthesis, various functions, and applications in virology |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Plant Science |
issn |
1664-462X |
publishDate |
2021-03-01 |
description |
The major components of RNA silencing include both transitive and systemic small RNAs, which are technically called secondary sRNAs. Double-stranded RNAs trigger systemic silencing pathways to negatively regulate gene expression. The secondary siRNAs generated as a result of transitive silencing also play a substantial role in gene silencing especially in antiviral defense. In this review, we first describe the discovery and pathways of transitivity with emphasis on RNA-dependent RNA polymerases followed by description on the short range and systemic spread of silencing. We also provide an in-depth view on the various size classes of secondary siRNAs and their different roles in RNA silencing including their categorization based on their biogenesis. The other regulatory roles of secondary siRNAs in transgene silencing, virus-induced gene silencing, transitivity, and trans-species transfer have also been detailed. The possible implications and applications of systemic silencing and the different gene silencing tools developed are also described. The details on mobility and roles of secondary siRNAs derived from viral genome in plant defense against the respective viruses are presented. This entails the description of other compatible plant–virus interactions and the corresponding small RNAs that determine recovery from disease symptoms, exclusion of viruses from shoot meristems, and natural resistance. The last section presents an overview on the usefulness of RNA silencing for management of viral infections in crop plants. |
topic |
RNA silencing synthetic tasiRNA induced gene silencing (SIGS) heterochromatic siRNA VsiRNA artificial tasiRNA constructs virus resistance |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.610283/full |
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