Etorphine-Ketamine Constant Rate Infusion for Maintenance of Anaesthesia in a Compromised White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum)
A subadult white rhinoceros bull presented for oesophageal endoscopic evaluation and foreign body removal under general anaesthesia. The animal had a history of nasal and oral regurgitation of water and ingesta with weight-loss for 6 days prior to the procedure and had been diagnosed with oesophagea...
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2019-01-01
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Series: | Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4309043 |
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doaj-80580a2136fb4aaf81c714b14fa1257f2020-11-25T00:44:05ZengHindawi LimitedCase Reports in Veterinary Medicine2090-70012090-701X2019-01-01201910.1155/2019/43090434309043Etorphine-Ketamine Constant Rate Infusion for Maintenance of Anaesthesia in a Compromised White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum)Friederike Pohlin0Peter Buss1Michele Miller2Gerhard Steenkamp3Robin Gleed4Luke Poore5Jordyn Boesch6Gareth Zeiler7Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South AfricaVeterinary Wildlife Services, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Private Bag X402, Skukuza 1350, South AfricaSouth African National Research Foundation, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South AfricaDepartment of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South AfricaSection of Anaesthesiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USADepartment of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South AfricaSection of Anaesthesiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USADepartment of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South AfricaA subadult white rhinoceros bull presented for oesophageal endoscopic evaluation and foreign body removal under general anaesthesia. The animal had a history of nasal and oral regurgitation of water and ingesta with weight-loss for 6 days prior to the procedure and had been diagnosed with oesophageal obstruction caused by a bailing wire. Anaesthesia was induced with intramuscular etorphine and azaperone delivered remotely by dart, followed by an intravenous bolus of ketamine. The trachea was intubated, and anaesthesia was maintained with an etorphine-ketamine constant rate infusion (CRI). The rhinoceros did not respond predictably to induction of anaesthesia and developed life-threatening systemic hypotension throughout the 90-minute procedure. A mega-vertebrate demand ventilator was successfully used to provide intermittent positive pressure ventilation when the rhinoceros developed apnoea. This case report describes the maintenance of anaesthesia of a white rhinoceros using an etorphine-ketamine CRI and the causes and management of hypotension and respiratory impairment observed in this patient.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4309043 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Friederike Pohlin Peter Buss Michele Miller Gerhard Steenkamp Robin Gleed Luke Poore Jordyn Boesch Gareth Zeiler |
spellingShingle |
Friederike Pohlin Peter Buss Michele Miller Gerhard Steenkamp Robin Gleed Luke Poore Jordyn Boesch Gareth Zeiler Etorphine-Ketamine Constant Rate Infusion for Maintenance of Anaesthesia in a Compromised White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine |
author_facet |
Friederike Pohlin Peter Buss Michele Miller Gerhard Steenkamp Robin Gleed Luke Poore Jordyn Boesch Gareth Zeiler |
author_sort |
Friederike Pohlin |
title |
Etorphine-Ketamine Constant Rate Infusion for Maintenance of Anaesthesia in a Compromised White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) |
title_short |
Etorphine-Ketamine Constant Rate Infusion for Maintenance of Anaesthesia in a Compromised White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) |
title_full |
Etorphine-Ketamine Constant Rate Infusion for Maintenance of Anaesthesia in a Compromised White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) |
title_fullStr |
Etorphine-Ketamine Constant Rate Infusion for Maintenance of Anaesthesia in a Compromised White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Etorphine-Ketamine Constant Rate Infusion for Maintenance of Anaesthesia in a Compromised White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) |
title_sort |
etorphine-ketamine constant rate infusion for maintenance of anaesthesia in a compromised white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) |
publisher |
Hindawi Limited |
series |
Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine |
issn |
2090-7001 2090-701X |
publishDate |
2019-01-01 |
description |
A subadult white rhinoceros bull presented for oesophageal endoscopic evaluation and foreign body removal under general anaesthesia. The animal had a history of nasal and oral regurgitation of water and ingesta with weight-loss for 6 days prior to the procedure and had been diagnosed with oesophageal obstruction caused by a bailing wire. Anaesthesia was induced with intramuscular etorphine and azaperone delivered remotely by dart, followed by an intravenous bolus of ketamine. The trachea was intubated, and anaesthesia was maintained with an etorphine-ketamine constant rate infusion (CRI). The rhinoceros did not respond predictably to induction of anaesthesia and developed life-threatening systemic hypotension throughout the 90-minute procedure. A mega-vertebrate demand ventilator was successfully used to provide intermittent positive pressure ventilation when the rhinoceros developed apnoea. This case report describes the maintenance of anaesthesia of a white rhinoceros using an etorphine-ketamine CRI and the causes and management of hypotension and respiratory impairment observed in this patient. |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4309043 |
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