Independent and joint effects of prenatal Zinc and Vitamin A Deficiencies on birthweight in rural Sidama, Southern Ethiopia: prospective cohort study.
BACKGROUND: The effects of prenatal Zinc Deficiency (ZD) and Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) on birthweight are controversial and their interaction has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: To assess the independent and interaction effects of prenatal zinc and vitamin A deficiencies on birthweight in rural S...
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doaj-80b2ad50b00045eba910eb7969524dc52020-11-25T02:36:26ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032012-01-01712e5021310.1371/journal.pone.0050213Independent and joint effects of prenatal Zinc and Vitamin A Deficiencies on birthweight in rural Sidama, Southern Ethiopia: prospective cohort study.Samson GebremedhinFikre EnquselassieMelaku UmetaBACKGROUND: The effects of prenatal Zinc Deficiency (ZD) and Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) on birthweight are controversial and their interaction has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: To assess the independent and interaction effects of prenatal zinc and vitamin A deficiencies on birthweight in rural Sidama, Southern Ethiopia. METHODOLOGY: A community-based prospective cohort study design was employed. Six hundred fifty pregnant women in their second or third trimester were randomly selected and their serum zinc and retinol concentrations were determined. About 575 subjects were successfully followed until delivery and birthweight was measured within 72 hours after delivery. The association between the exposures and birthweight was examined using log-binomial and liner regression analyses. Potential interaction between ZD and VAD was examined using Synergy Index (SI). RESULTS: The mean birthweight (± standard deviation) was 2896 g (±423). About 16.5% (95% CI: 13.5-19.6%) of the babies had Low Birthweight (LBW). Prenatal ZD and VAD were not significantly associated to LBW with Adjusted Relative Risk (ARR) of 1.25 (95 CI: 0.86-1.82) and 1.27 (95% CI: 0.86-1.87), respectively. Stratified analysis on the basis of gestational trimester showed that the occurrence of the deficiencies neither in the second nor third trimester were associated to LBW. The deficiencies did not show synergetic interaction in causing LBW [SI = 1.04 (95% CI: 0.17-6.28)]. Important risk factors of LBW were maternal illiteracy [RR = 1.80 (95% CI: 1.11-2.93)], female sex of the newborn [RR = 1.79 (95% CI: 1.19-2.67)], primiparity [RR = 1.16 (95% CI: 1.02-1.35)], short maternal stature [RR = 1.63 (95% CI: 1.06-2.51)] and maternal thinness [RR = 1.52 (95% CI: 1.03-2.25)]. In the linear regression model, elevated CRP was also negatively associated to birthweight. CONCLUSION: LBW is of public health significance in the locality. The study did not witness any independent or interaction effect of prenatal ZD and VAD on birthweight.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3521768?pdf=render |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Samson Gebremedhin Fikre Enquselassie Melaku Umeta |
spellingShingle |
Samson Gebremedhin Fikre Enquselassie Melaku Umeta Independent and joint effects of prenatal Zinc and Vitamin A Deficiencies on birthweight in rural Sidama, Southern Ethiopia: prospective cohort study. PLoS ONE |
author_facet |
Samson Gebremedhin Fikre Enquselassie Melaku Umeta |
author_sort |
Samson Gebremedhin |
title |
Independent and joint effects of prenatal Zinc and Vitamin A Deficiencies on birthweight in rural Sidama, Southern Ethiopia: prospective cohort study. |
title_short |
Independent and joint effects of prenatal Zinc and Vitamin A Deficiencies on birthweight in rural Sidama, Southern Ethiopia: prospective cohort study. |
title_full |
Independent and joint effects of prenatal Zinc and Vitamin A Deficiencies on birthweight in rural Sidama, Southern Ethiopia: prospective cohort study. |
title_fullStr |
Independent and joint effects of prenatal Zinc and Vitamin A Deficiencies on birthweight in rural Sidama, Southern Ethiopia: prospective cohort study. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Independent and joint effects of prenatal Zinc and Vitamin A Deficiencies on birthweight in rural Sidama, Southern Ethiopia: prospective cohort study. |
title_sort |
independent and joint effects of prenatal zinc and vitamin a deficiencies on birthweight in rural sidama, southern ethiopia: prospective cohort study. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS ONE |
issn |
1932-6203 |
publishDate |
2012-01-01 |
description |
BACKGROUND: The effects of prenatal Zinc Deficiency (ZD) and Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) on birthweight are controversial and their interaction has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: To assess the independent and interaction effects of prenatal zinc and vitamin A deficiencies on birthweight in rural Sidama, Southern Ethiopia. METHODOLOGY: A community-based prospective cohort study design was employed. Six hundred fifty pregnant women in their second or third trimester were randomly selected and their serum zinc and retinol concentrations were determined. About 575 subjects were successfully followed until delivery and birthweight was measured within 72 hours after delivery. The association between the exposures and birthweight was examined using log-binomial and liner regression analyses. Potential interaction between ZD and VAD was examined using Synergy Index (SI). RESULTS: The mean birthweight (± standard deviation) was 2896 g (±423). About 16.5% (95% CI: 13.5-19.6%) of the babies had Low Birthweight (LBW). Prenatal ZD and VAD were not significantly associated to LBW with Adjusted Relative Risk (ARR) of 1.25 (95 CI: 0.86-1.82) and 1.27 (95% CI: 0.86-1.87), respectively. Stratified analysis on the basis of gestational trimester showed that the occurrence of the deficiencies neither in the second nor third trimester were associated to LBW. The deficiencies did not show synergetic interaction in causing LBW [SI = 1.04 (95% CI: 0.17-6.28)]. Important risk factors of LBW were maternal illiteracy [RR = 1.80 (95% CI: 1.11-2.93)], female sex of the newborn [RR = 1.79 (95% CI: 1.19-2.67)], primiparity [RR = 1.16 (95% CI: 1.02-1.35)], short maternal stature [RR = 1.63 (95% CI: 1.06-2.51)] and maternal thinness [RR = 1.52 (95% CI: 1.03-2.25)]. In the linear regression model, elevated CRP was also negatively associated to birthweight. CONCLUSION: LBW is of public health significance in the locality. The study did not witness any independent or interaction effect of prenatal ZD and VAD on birthweight. |
url |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3521768?pdf=render |
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