MOLECULAR-GENETIC «PORTRAIT» OF BREAST CANCER

• Main Authors: S. A. Laptiev, M. A. Korzhenevskaia, E. N. Imyanitov
• Format: Article
• Language: Russian
• Published: Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University 2017-06-01
• Series: Učenye Zapiski Sankt-Peterburgskogo Gosudarstvennogo Medicinskogo Universiteta im. Akad. I.P. Pavlova
• Subjects: breast cancer; proto-oncogenes; anti-oncogenes; molecular markers of tumor cells; cancer predisposing mutations
• Online Access: https://www.sci-notes.ru/jour/article/view/385

Understanding genetic mechanisms and detection of biological markers of tumor growth forms an individual molecular phenotype oftransformed cells that characterizes stage of tumor, the ability to metastasize, hormonal sensitivity, chemotherapyefficiencyetc. Mutations in proto- and anti-oncogenes controlling mitotic activity of cells and their ability to DNA reparation are often found in tumor cells in patients with cancer. Defects of classical tumor suppressor genes (BRCA1/2, CHEK2, ATM, PALB2, NBS1, TP53, etc.) determine the hereditary predisposition to breast cancer caused by genomic instability and appearance of «chimeric» genes, aneuploidies and chromosomal aberrations. Breast cancer is a genetically heterogeneous disease with various molecular, biological and clinical features. Identificationof the molecular phenotype of breast carcinomas is an important prognostic factor of the disease, and it helps to individualize the therapeutic approach for patients.