Impact of the eruption of Mt Pinatubo on the chemical composition of the stratosphere

• Main Authors: M. Kilian, S. Brinkop, P. Jöckel
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Copernicus Publications 2020-10-01
• Series: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
• Online Access: https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/20/11697/2020/acp-20-11697-2020.pdf
• ISSN: 1680-7316; 1680-7324

<p>This article describes the volcanic effect of the Mt Pinatubo eruption in June 1991 on the ozone (<span class="inline-formula">O₃</span>) and methane (<span class="inline-formula">CH₄</span>) distribution in the stratosphere, as simulated with the chemistry–climate model EMAC (ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry: ECHAM5, version 5.3.02; MESSy, version 2.51). In this study, the effects of volcanic heating and heterogeneous chemistry on the chemical composition, caused by the volcanic aerosol, are separated. Global model simulations over the relevant period of the eruption from 1989 to 1997 with EMAC in T42L90MA resolution with specified dynamics and interactive chemistry were performed. The first simulation (VOL) contains the volcanic perturbation as an additional aerosol load and thus simulates the interaction of the aerosol with the chemistry and the radiation. The second simulation (NOVOL) neglects the eruption and represents the undisturbed atmosphere. In the third simulation (CVOL) the volcanic aerosol only interacts with the heterogeneous chemistry, such that volcanic heating is omitted. The differences between the simulation results VOL<span class="inline-formula">−</span>NOVOL describe the total effect of the Mt Pinatubo eruption on the chemical composition, VOL<span class="inline-formula">−</span>CVOL the stratospheric heating effect, and CVOL<span class="inline-formula">−</span>NOVOL the chemical effect of the aerosol on the heterogeneous chemistry. The post-volcanic stratosphere shows a decrease in the <span class="inline-formula">O₃</span> column in the tropics and an increase in the midlatitudes and polar regions, lasting roughly 1 year. This change in the ozone column is solely a result of the heating effect. The subsequent decrease in the ozone column is related to the chemical effect. The contribution of the catalytic loss cycles (<span class="inline-formula">NO_<i>x</i></span>, <span class="inline-formula">HO_<i>x</i></span>, <span class="inline-formula">ClO_<i>x</i></span>, and <span class="inline-formula">BrO_<i>x</i></span>) on the depletion of <span class="inline-formula">O₃</span> is analysed in detail. In the tropics, <span class="inline-formula">CH₄</span> increases in the upper stratosphere because of stronger vertical transport.</p>