Assessment of Crystallinity Development during Fused Filament Fabrication through Fast Scanning Chip Calorimetry
Although semi-crystalline polymers are associated with considerably better mechanical properties and thermal stability compared to their amorphous counterparts, using them as feedstock for Fused Filament Fabrication still poses some major challenges. Hence, the development of printed part crystallin...
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doaj-814f9715ef34438abb93092848b66a772020-11-25T01:45:41ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172019-06-01913267610.3390/app9132676app9132676Assessment of Crystallinity Development during Fused Filament Fabrication through Fast Scanning Chip CalorimetryDries Vaes0Margot Coppens1Bart Goderis2Wim Zoetelief3Peter Van Puyvelde4Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F box 2424, 3000 Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F box 2424, 3000 Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F box 2404, 3000 Leuven, BelgiumDSM Materials Science Center, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F box 2424, 3000 Leuven, BelgiumAlthough semi-crystalline polymers are associated with considerably better mechanical properties and thermal stability compared to their amorphous counterparts, using them as feedstock for Fused Filament Fabrication still poses some major challenges. Hence, the development of printed part crystallinity during printing should be fully understood in order to control the developed weld strength, as well as part shrinkage and warpage. Infrared thermography was utilized to record the thermal history of deposited layers while printing a single-layer wall geometry, employing two PA 6/66 copolymers with distinct molecular weights as feedstock. Print settings were varied to establish which settings are essential to effectively monitor final part crystallinity. The resulting temperature profiles were simulated in a Fast Scanning Chip Calorimetry device that allows for the rapid heating and cooling rates experienced by the printed polymer. Both liquefier temperature and print speed were found to have very little influence on the total attained crystallinity. It became apparent that the build plate, set at a temperature above the polymer’s glass transition temperature, imposes a considerable annealing effect on the printed part. A reduced molecular weight was observed to enhance crystallinity even more strongly. The presented methodology proves that Fast Scanning Chip Calorimetry is an effective tool to assess the impact of both print parameters and feedstock characteristics on the crystallization behavior of semi-crystalline polymers over the course of printing.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/13/2676additive manufacturingfused filament fabrication (FFF)3D printingpolymer crystallizationinfrared thermographyfast scanning chip calorimetry |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Dries Vaes Margot Coppens Bart Goderis Wim Zoetelief Peter Van Puyvelde |
spellingShingle |
Dries Vaes Margot Coppens Bart Goderis Wim Zoetelief Peter Van Puyvelde Assessment of Crystallinity Development during Fused Filament Fabrication through Fast Scanning Chip Calorimetry Applied Sciences additive manufacturing fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing polymer crystallization infrared thermography fast scanning chip calorimetry |
author_facet |
Dries Vaes Margot Coppens Bart Goderis Wim Zoetelief Peter Van Puyvelde |
author_sort |
Dries Vaes |
title |
Assessment of Crystallinity Development during Fused Filament Fabrication through Fast Scanning Chip Calorimetry |
title_short |
Assessment of Crystallinity Development during Fused Filament Fabrication through Fast Scanning Chip Calorimetry |
title_full |
Assessment of Crystallinity Development during Fused Filament Fabrication through Fast Scanning Chip Calorimetry |
title_fullStr |
Assessment of Crystallinity Development during Fused Filament Fabrication through Fast Scanning Chip Calorimetry |
title_full_unstemmed |
Assessment of Crystallinity Development during Fused Filament Fabrication through Fast Scanning Chip Calorimetry |
title_sort |
assessment of crystallinity development during fused filament fabrication through fast scanning chip calorimetry |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Applied Sciences |
issn |
2076-3417 |
publishDate |
2019-06-01 |
description |
Although semi-crystalline polymers are associated with considerably better mechanical properties and thermal stability compared to their amorphous counterparts, using them as feedstock for Fused Filament Fabrication still poses some major challenges. Hence, the development of printed part crystallinity during printing should be fully understood in order to control the developed weld strength, as well as part shrinkage and warpage. Infrared thermography was utilized to record the thermal history of deposited layers while printing a single-layer wall geometry, employing two PA 6/66 copolymers with distinct molecular weights as feedstock. Print settings were varied to establish which settings are essential to effectively monitor final part crystallinity. The resulting temperature profiles were simulated in a Fast Scanning Chip Calorimetry device that allows for the rapid heating and cooling rates experienced by the printed polymer. Both liquefier temperature and print speed were found to have very little influence on the total attained crystallinity. It became apparent that the build plate, set at a temperature above the polymer’s glass transition temperature, imposes a considerable annealing effect on the printed part. A reduced molecular weight was observed to enhance crystallinity even more strongly. The presented methodology proves that Fast Scanning Chip Calorimetry is an effective tool to assess the impact of both print parameters and feedstock characteristics on the crystallization behavior of semi-crystalline polymers over the course of printing. |
topic |
additive manufacturing fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing polymer crystallization infrared thermography fast scanning chip calorimetry |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/13/2676 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT driesvaes assessmentofcrystallinitydevelopmentduringfusedfilamentfabricationthroughfastscanningchipcalorimetry AT margotcoppens assessmentofcrystallinitydevelopmentduringfusedfilamentfabricationthroughfastscanningchipcalorimetry AT bartgoderis assessmentofcrystallinitydevelopmentduringfusedfilamentfabricationthroughfastscanningchipcalorimetry AT wimzoetelief assessmentofcrystallinitydevelopmentduringfusedfilamentfabricationthroughfastscanningchipcalorimetry AT petervanpuyvelde assessmentofcrystallinitydevelopmentduringfusedfilamentfabricationthroughfastscanningchipcalorimetry |
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