Analysis of Diabetes Mellitus-Related Amputations in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

• Main Authors: Wendel Jose Teixeira Costa, Nilson Penha-Silva, Italla Maria Pinheiro Bezerra, Ismar Paulo dos Santos, José Lucas Souza Ramos, Jonathan Mendes de Castro, Júlio Eduardo Gomes Pereira, Alan Patrício da Silva, Adilson Monteiro, Luiz Carlos de Abreu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2020-06-01
• Series: Medicina
• Subjects: diabetes mellitus; amputation; health promotion
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1010-660X/56/6/287

<i>Background and objectives:</i><i> </i>Diabetes mellitus (DM) stands out among the most important public health problems worldwide since it represents a high burden on health systems and is associated with higher hospitalization rates, and a higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Amputations are among the most common complications, leading to disability and increasing care costs. This research aims to analyze the prevalence of DM-related amputations, comorbidities and associated risk factors in the diabetic population residing in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. <i>Materials and Methods:</i><i> </i>This is a quantitative, exploratory, cross-sectional study with a time series design and the use of secondary data registered and followed by the system of Registration and Monitoring of Hypertension and Diabetes—SisHiperdia. <i>Results:</i><i> </i>The sample consisted of 64,196 diabetic patients, out of them, 3.9% had type 1 DM, 10.9% with type 2 DM, and 85.2% with DM coexisting with hypertension. Most were female (66.6%), aged 40 to 59 years (45.6%), and 60 years and older (45.2%). The prevalence of DM-related amputations in the analyzed sample was 1.2% in type 1 DM, 1.5% in type 2 DM, and 2.2% in concomitant DM and hypertension. Higher amputation rates were observed in males in the age group above 60 years in type 1 DM and type 2 DM and were slightly higher in the age groups up to 29 years in DM with hypertension. A higher prevalence of amputation was related to smoking, physical inactivity, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and diabetic foot (DF) in all types of DM. <i>Conclusions:</i><i> </i>The present study showed a significant prevalence of DM-related amputations. An increased prevalence was evidenced when correlated with smoking, physical inactivity, AMI, stroke, CKD, and DF with significant statistical associations, except for a sedentary lifestyle in type 1 DM.