Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Narrative Review of the Issues in Screening and Management From a Panel of European Experts
Maternal primary and non-primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during pregnancy can result in in utero transmission to the developing fetus. Congenital CMV (cCMV) can result in significant morbidity, mortality or long-term sequelae, including sensorineural hearing loss, the most common sequela. As...
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doaj-818f30164ac24f12a869ab65637b86382020-11-25T01:13:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pediatrics2296-23602020-01-01810.3389/fped.2020.00013499925Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Narrative Review of the Issues in Screening and Management From a Panel of European ExpertsTiziana Lazzarotto0Daniel Blázquez-Gamero1Marie-Luce Delforge2Ina Foulon3Suzanne Luck4Suzanne Luck5Susanne Modrow6Marianne Leruez-Ville7Virology Lab, Polyclinic St. Orsola Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyPediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Madrid, SpainCUB-Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre Bruxelles, Brussels, BelgiumDepartment of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, BelgiumKingston Hospital NHS Trust, Kingston upon Thames, United KingdomPaediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St George's University of London, London, United KingdomInstitute of Medical Microbiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, GermanyHôpital Necker-Enfants Malades and Université Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceMaternal primary and non-primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during pregnancy can result in in utero transmission to the developing fetus. Congenital CMV (cCMV) can result in significant morbidity, mortality or long-term sequelae, including sensorineural hearing loss, the most common sequela. As a leading cause of congenital infections worldwide, cCMV infection meets many of the criteria for screening. However, currently there are no universal programs that offer maternal or neonatal screening to identify infected mothers and infants, no vaccines to prevent infection, and no efficacious and safe therapies available for the treatment of maternal or fetal CMV infection. Data has shown that there are several maternal and neonatal screening strategies, and diagnostic methodologies, that allow the identification of those at risk of developing sequelae and adequately detect cCMV. Nevertheless, many questions remain unanswered in this field. Well-designed clinical trials to address several facets of CMV treatment (in pregnant women, CMV-infected fetuses and both symptomatic and asymptomatic neonates and children) are required. Prevention (vaccines), biology and transmission factors associated with non-primary CMV, and the cost-effectiveness of universal screening, all demand further exploration to fully realize the ultimate goal of preventing cCMV. In the meantime, prevention of primary infection during pregnancy should be championed to all by means of hygiene education.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fped.2020.00013/fullcytomegalovirusneonatal screeningprenatal diagnosisclinical laboratory techniquescongenital CMVpregnancy |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Tiziana Lazzarotto Daniel Blázquez-Gamero Marie-Luce Delforge Ina Foulon Suzanne Luck Suzanne Luck Susanne Modrow Marianne Leruez-Ville |
spellingShingle |
Tiziana Lazzarotto Daniel Blázquez-Gamero Marie-Luce Delforge Ina Foulon Suzanne Luck Suzanne Luck Susanne Modrow Marianne Leruez-Ville Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Narrative Review of the Issues in Screening and Management From a Panel of European Experts Frontiers in Pediatrics cytomegalovirus neonatal screening prenatal diagnosis clinical laboratory techniques congenital CMV pregnancy |
author_facet |
Tiziana Lazzarotto Daniel Blázquez-Gamero Marie-Luce Delforge Ina Foulon Suzanne Luck Suzanne Luck Susanne Modrow Marianne Leruez-Ville |
author_sort |
Tiziana Lazzarotto |
title |
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Narrative Review of the Issues in Screening and Management From a Panel of European Experts |
title_short |
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Narrative Review of the Issues in Screening and Management From a Panel of European Experts |
title_full |
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Narrative Review of the Issues in Screening and Management From a Panel of European Experts |
title_fullStr |
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Narrative Review of the Issues in Screening and Management From a Panel of European Experts |
title_full_unstemmed |
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Narrative Review of the Issues in Screening and Management From a Panel of European Experts |
title_sort |
congenital cytomegalovirus infection: a narrative review of the issues in screening and management from a panel of european experts |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Pediatrics |
issn |
2296-2360 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
Maternal primary and non-primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during pregnancy can result in in utero transmission to the developing fetus. Congenital CMV (cCMV) can result in significant morbidity, mortality or long-term sequelae, including sensorineural hearing loss, the most common sequela. As a leading cause of congenital infections worldwide, cCMV infection meets many of the criteria for screening. However, currently there are no universal programs that offer maternal or neonatal screening to identify infected mothers and infants, no vaccines to prevent infection, and no efficacious and safe therapies available for the treatment of maternal or fetal CMV infection. Data has shown that there are several maternal and neonatal screening strategies, and diagnostic methodologies, that allow the identification of those at risk of developing sequelae and adequately detect cCMV. Nevertheless, many questions remain unanswered in this field. Well-designed clinical trials to address several facets of CMV treatment (in pregnant women, CMV-infected fetuses and both symptomatic and asymptomatic neonates and children) are required. Prevention (vaccines), biology and transmission factors associated with non-primary CMV, and the cost-effectiveness of universal screening, all demand further exploration to fully realize the ultimate goal of preventing cCMV. In the meantime, prevention of primary infection during pregnancy should be championed to all by means of hygiene education. |
topic |
cytomegalovirus neonatal screening prenatal diagnosis clinical laboratory techniques congenital CMV pregnancy |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fped.2020.00013/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
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