| Summary: | In the framework of a legal secularization based on the European influence and, later, on the British colonial domination, the Egyptian ‘ulamā’ kept teaching a scornful outlook about Christians and kept also defending inequalities, especially about marital and parental issues. After the independence, they promoted an Islamic regime – in which nothing is free from religion rules – as an idealistic goal. Tension between the two communities triggered increasing violence, and the religious authorities couldn’t do anything but a call to national unity. What is happening during the 2010s is a dead end, as long as the principle of “citizenship for all Egyptians” is still based on factual and legal inequalities depending on a religious reference.
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