| Summary: | Abstract Background Residency training includes positive and negative aspects. Well-trained doctors must be educated, but the process may bring additional risks to patients. Anesthesiologists’ performance when conducting neuraxial anesthesia is related to their experience. We hypothesized that a modified neuraxial anesthesia method would improve both residency training and patient safety. Methods We recruited 518 patients who were scheduled for a cesarean section and used spinal anesthesia (n = 256), epidural anesthesia (n = 154), and combined spinal–epidural anesthesia (SEA; n = 108). We observed and evaluated the anesthesia performance of five second-year resident anesthesiologists in elective cesarean sections using the conventional and modified methods. The number of attempts, implant error rate, and the incidence of complications were recorded and analyzed. Results Better success puncture attempts occurred in all three groups when the modified method was applied. For the groups with an implant assessment, the complication rate and implant error rate were lower when using the modified method. We employed generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis to correct for possible confounding factors. When using the conventional method, the resident anesthesiologists required more attempts, made more implant errors, and caused more complications in patients. Conclusions We found that a modified method for neuraxial anesthesia could improve residency performance and patient safety. The modified method may be a suitable training process for resident anesthesiologists when practicing neuraxial anesthesia. Trial registration The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of National Taiwan University (IRB:200812040R) Clinicaltrials register: NCT03389672 .
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