Impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation on Rainfall and Rice Production: A Micro-Level Analysis
Monsoon fluctuation due to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has a reflective influence on rice production, which is the major food grain crop in India. The impact of ENSO on the spatial variability of summer monsoon rainfall was analyzed from 1950 to 2018 and that on <i>Kharif</i> ric...
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doaj-824978d730394ef59ff34473959271462021-06-01T00:40:20ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-05-01111021102110.3390/agronomy11061021Impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation on Rainfall and Rice Production: A Micro-Level AnalysisShilpa Cherian0Shankarappa Sridhara1Konapura Nagaraja Manoj2Pradeep Gopakkali3Nandini Ramesh4Abdullah A. Alrajhi5Ahmed Z. Dewidar6Mohamed A. Mattar7Center for Climate Resilient Agriculture, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577204, Karnataka, IndiaCenter for Climate Resilient Agriculture, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577204, Karnataka, IndiaCenter for Climate Resilient Agriculture, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577204, Karnataka, IndiaCenter for Climate Resilient Agriculture, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577204, Karnataka, IndiaCenter for Climate Resilient Agriculture, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga 577204, Karnataka, IndiaKing Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), King Abdullah Road, Riyadh 11442, Saudi ArabiaPrince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaMonsoon fluctuation due to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has a reflective influence on rice production, which is the major food grain crop in India. The impact of ENSO on the spatial variability of summer monsoon rainfall was analyzed from 1950 to 2018 and that on <i>Kharif</i> rice production for the period of 1998–2016. It was clear from the analysis that ENSO had varied influences on rainfall and rice production over different rice-growing districts of Karnataka. During El Niño (strong, moderate, and weak) years, southwest (S-W) monsoon rainfall was below normal in all the districts of Karnataka, wherein the highest negative deviation from normal was recorded in the Mysore district (−21.43%). In contrast, the rice production was higher in 15 districts out of 25, and the deviation from normal ranged from −39.73% in Bidar to 42.11% in Gulbarga district. During the La Niña (strong, moderate, and weak) years, S-W monsoon rainfall was above normal in 12 districts in which Bidar and Bengaluru urban districts have shown the highest positive deviation (19.93 and 19.82%, respectively). However, except for Udupi, Dakshina Kannada, Bidar, Davanagere, and Hassan districts, all the other major rice-growing districts have shown a positive deviation in rice production with the highest deviation of 62.39% in Tumkur district. Additionally, correlation coefficient values indicated the influence of southwest monsoon rainfall on <i>Kharif</i> rice production during El Niño years with a major contribution from September month rainfall. This kind of ENSO impact analysis on spatial rice production could be useful for formulating the farm-level site-specific management, planning, and policy decisions during ENSO periods in advance.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/6/1021El NiñoLa Niñasouthwest monsoonrice productionKarnataka |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Shilpa Cherian Shankarappa Sridhara Konapura Nagaraja Manoj Pradeep Gopakkali Nandini Ramesh Abdullah A. Alrajhi Ahmed Z. Dewidar Mohamed A. Mattar |
spellingShingle |
Shilpa Cherian Shankarappa Sridhara Konapura Nagaraja Manoj Pradeep Gopakkali Nandini Ramesh Abdullah A. Alrajhi Ahmed Z. Dewidar Mohamed A. Mattar Impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation on Rainfall and Rice Production: A Micro-Level Analysis Agronomy El Niño La Niña southwest monsoon rice production Karnataka |
author_facet |
Shilpa Cherian Shankarappa Sridhara Konapura Nagaraja Manoj Pradeep Gopakkali Nandini Ramesh Abdullah A. Alrajhi Ahmed Z. Dewidar Mohamed A. Mattar |
author_sort |
Shilpa Cherian |
title |
Impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation on Rainfall and Rice Production: A Micro-Level Analysis |
title_short |
Impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation on Rainfall and Rice Production: A Micro-Level Analysis |
title_full |
Impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation on Rainfall and Rice Production: A Micro-Level Analysis |
title_fullStr |
Impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation on Rainfall and Rice Production: A Micro-Level Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation on Rainfall and Rice Production: A Micro-Level Analysis |
title_sort |
impact of el niño southern oscillation on rainfall and rice production: a micro-level analysis |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Agronomy |
issn |
2073-4395 |
publishDate |
2021-05-01 |
description |
Monsoon fluctuation due to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has a reflective influence on rice production, which is the major food grain crop in India. The impact of ENSO on the spatial variability of summer monsoon rainfall was analyzed from 1950 to 2018 and that on <i>Kharif</i> rice production for the period of 1998–2016. It was clear from the analysis that ENSO had varied influences on rainfall and rice production over different rice-growing districts of Karnataka. During El Niño (strong, moderate, and weak) years, southwest (S-W) monsoon rainfall was below normal in all the districts of Karnataka, wherein the highest negative deviation from normal was recorded in the Mysore district (−21.43%). In contrast, the rice production was higher in 15 districts out of 25, and the deviation from normal ranged from −39.73% in Bidar to 42.11% in Gulbarga district. During the La Niña (strong, moderate, and weak) years, S-W monsoon rainfall was above normal in 12 districts in which Bidar and Bengaluru urban districts have shown the highest positive deviation (19.93 and 19.82%, respectively). However, except for Udupi, Dakshina Kannada, Bidar, Davanagere, and Hassan districts, all the other major rice-growing districts have shown a positive deviation in rice production with the highest deviation of 62.39% in Tumkur district. Additionally, correlation coefficient values indicated the influence of southwest monsoon rainfall on <i>Kharif</i> rice production during El Niño years with a major contribution from September month rainfall. This kind of ENSO impact analysis on spatial rice production could be useful for formulating the farm-level site-specific management, planning, and policy decisions during ENSO periods in advance. |
topic |
El Niño La Niña southwest monsoon rice production Karnataka |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/6/1021 |
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