Age and <i>Giardia intestinalis</i> Infection Impact Canine Gut Microbiota
<i>Giardia intestinalis</i> is a flagellated protozoan responsible for giardiosis (also called giardiasis in humans), the most prevalent and widespread parasitic infection in humans and mammals worldwide. The intestinal microbiota is highly diverse and any alteration in its composition m...
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doaj-827c6c4b7eae4fdd83fa8dec3e0600b42021-09-26T00:43:32ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-09-0191862186210.3390/microorganisms9091862Age and <i>Giardia intestinalis</i> Infection Impact Canine Gut MicrobiotaAnne-Sophie Boucard0Myriam Thomas1Wilfried Lebon2Bruno Polack3Isabelle Florent4Philippe Langella5Luis G. Bermúdez-Humarán6Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, FranceAnses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, FranceBoehringer Ingelheim Animal Health France, 29 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, FranceAnses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, FranceUMR 7245, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Universités, 75005 Paris, FranceUniversité Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, FranceUniversité Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France<i>Giardia intestinalis</i> is a flagellated protozoan responsible for giardiosis (also called giardiasis in humans), the most prevalent and widespread parasitic infection in humans and mammals worldwide. The intestinal microbiota is highly diverse and any alteration in its composition may impact on the health of the host. While studies on the mouse model of giardiosis described the role of the gut microbiota in host susceptibility to infection by the parasite, little is known about the gut microbiota during natural infections in dogs and particularly in puppies. In this study, we monitored naturally <i>G. intestinalis</i>-infected puppies for 3 months and quantified cyst excretion every 2 weeks. All puppies remained subclinically infected during the sampling period as confirmed by fecal examination. In parallel, we performed 16S Illumina sequencing of fecal samples from the different time points to assess the impact of <i>G. intestinalis</i> infection on gut microbiota development of the puppies, as well as gut health markers of immunity such as fecal IgA and calprotectin. Sequencing results revealed that the canine fecal microbiota of <i>Giardia</i>-infected puppies becomes more complex and less diverse with increasing age. In addition, significant differences in the structure of the microbiota were observed between puppies with high and low <i>Giardia</i> cyst excretion. Chronic subclinical <i>G. intestinalis</i> infection appears to be associated with some detrimental structural changes in the gut microbiota. <i>G. intestinalis</i>-associated dysbiosis is characterized by an enrichment of facultative anaerobic, mucus-degrading, pro-inflammatory species and opportunistic pathogens, as well as a reduction of <i>Lactobacillus johnsonii</i> at specific time points. Calprotectin levels increased with age, suggesting the establishment of chronic low-grade inflammation in puppies. Further work is needed to demonstrate whether these alterations in the canine gut microbiota could lead to a dysbiosis-related disease, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/9/1862<i>Giardia intestinalis</i>giardiosisdogsgut microbiotaageintestinal inflammation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Anne-Sophie Boucard Myriam Thomas Wilfried Lebon Bruno Polack Isabelle Florent Philippe Langella Luis G. Bermúdez-Humarán |
spellingShingle |
Anne-Sophie Boucard Myriam Thomas Wilfried Lebon Bruno Polack Isabelle Florent Philippe Langella Luis G. Bermúdez-Humarán Age and <i>Giardia intestinalis</i> Infection Impact Canine Gut Microbiota Microorganisms <i>Giardia intestinalis</i> giardiosis dogs gut microbiota age intestinal inflammation |
author_facet |
Anne-Sophie Boucard Myriam Thomas Wilfried Lebon Bruno Polack Isabelle Florent Philippe Langella Luis G. Bermúdez-Humarán |
author_sort |
Anne-Sophie Boucard |
title |
Age and <i>Giardia intestinalis</i> Infection Impact Canine Gut Microbiota |
title_short |
Age and <i>Giardia intestinalis</i> Infection Impact Canine Gut Microbiota |
title_full |
Age and <i>Giardia intestinalis</i> Infection Impact Canine Gut Microbiota |
title_fullStr |
Age and <i>Giardia intestinalis</i> Infection Impact Canine Gut Microbiota |
title_full_unstemmed |
Age and <i>Giardia intestinalis</i> Infection Impact Canine Gut Microbiota |
title_sort |
age and <i>giardia intestinalis</i> infection impact canine gut microbiota |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Microorganisms |
issn |
2076-2607 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
<i>Giardia intestinalis</i> is a flagellated protozoan responsible for giardiosis (also called giardiasis in humans), the most prevalent and widespread parasitic infection in humans and mammals worldwide. The intestinal microbiota is highly diverse and any alteration in its composition may impact on the health of the host. While studies on the mouse model of giardiosis described the role of the gut microbiota in host susceptibility to infection by the parasite, little is known about the gut microbiota during natural infections in dogs and particularly in puppies. In this study, we monitored naturally <i>G. intestinalis</i>-infected puppies for 3 months and quantified cyst excretion every 2 weeks. All puppies remained subclinically infected during the sampling period as confirmed by fecal examination. In parallel, we performed 16S Illumina sequencing of fecal samples from the different time points to assess the impact of <i>G. intestinalis</i> infection on gut microbiota development of the puppies, as well as gut health markers of immunity such as fecal IgA and calprotectin. Sequencing results revealed that the canine fecal microbiota of <i>Giardia</i>-infected puppies becomes more complex and less diverse with increasing age. In addition, significant differences in the structure of the microbiota were observed between puppies with high and low <i>Giardia</i> cyst excretion. Chronic subclinical <i>G. intestinalis</i> infection appears to be associated with some detrimental structural changes in the gut microbiota. <i>G. intestinalis</i>-associated dysbiosis is characterized by an enrichment of facultative anaerobic, mucus-degrading, pro-inflammatory species and opportunistic pathogens, as well as a reduction of <i>Lactobacillus johnsonii</i> at specific time points. Calprotectin levels increased with age, suggesting the establishment of chronic low-grade inflammation in puppies. Further work is needed to demonstrate whether these alterations in the canine gut microbiota could lead to a dysbiosis-related disease, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). |
topic |
<i>Giardia intestinalis</i> giardiosis dogs gut microbiota age intestinal inflammation |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/9/1862 |
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