Environmental Enrichment and Aerobic Exercise Enhances Spatial Memory and Synaptophysin Expression in Rats
BACKGROUND: Exposure to environmental enrichment has a positive effect on brain function, including improved cognition. Environmental enrichment has many aspects, including social interactions, object stimulations, and physical activities. Exercise and environmental enrichment can be considered to i...
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Secretariat of The Indonesian Biomedical Journal
2020-03-01
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Series: | Indonesian Biomedical Journal |
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doaj-8287e5932d8b4fe691febb21743507202021-03-01T03:20:55ZengSecretariat of The Indonesian Biomedical JournalIndonesian Biomedical Journal2085-32972355-91792020-03-0112181410.18585/inabj.v12i1.945336Environmental Enrichment and Aerobic Exercise Enhances Spatial Memory and Synaptophysin Expression in RatsDiah Ayu Aguspa Dita0Nurul Paramita1Ria Kodariah2Neng Tine Kartinah3Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Bengkulu, Jl. WR Supratman, Kandang Limun, Bengkulu 38119Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No.6, Jakarta 10430Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya No.6, Jakarta 10430Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No.6, Jakarta 10430BACKGROUND: Exposure to environmental enrichment has a positive effect on brain function, including improved cognition. Environmental enrichment has many aspects, including social interactions, object stimulations, and physical activities. Exercise and environmental enrichment can be considered to improve cognitive function with different underlying mechanisms. This study aims to compare the effects of environmental enrichment and aerobic exercise at both synaptic and whole-organism levels using synapyophysin as a measure of synaptic physiology and spatial memory as a measure of cognitive function. METHODS: A six-week in vivo experimental study on 15, 6-month old male Wistar rats randomly divided into three groups (n=5): aerobic group (A), enriched environment group (EE), and enriched with an aerobic or combined group (EEA). All rats were tested four times in the Water-E maze (WEM) task at weeks 0, 2, 4, and 6 of the study. We used immunohistochemistry to determine the synaptophysin expression in hippocampal CA1 region. RESULTS: Based on synaptophysin immunostaining, there were higher optical density scores for synaptophysin in hippocampal CA1 region following EEA, but there were no statistically significant differences between groups (ANOVA test, p>0.05). The spatial memory test showed there were significantly reduced travel time and total errors from the 2nd and 4th weeks in the EEA group, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The combination of enriched environment and aerobic exercise seems to rapidly improve spatial memory and enhances the presynaptic protein, synaptophysin in hippocampal CA1 region. KEYWORDS: aerobic exercise, environmental enrichment, spatial memory, synaptophysin, Water-E mazehttps://inabj.org/index.php/ibj/article/view/945 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Diah Ayu Aguspa Dita Nurul Paramita Ria Kodariah Neng Tine Kartinah |
spellingShingle |
Diah Ayu Aguspa Dita Nurul Paramita Ria Kodariah Neng Tine Kartinah Environmental Enrichment and Aerobic Exercise Enhances Spatial Memory and Synaptophysin Expression in Rats Indonesian Biomedical Journal |
author_facet |
Diah Ayu Aguspa Dita Nurul Paramita Ria Kodariah Neng Tine Kartinah |
author_sort |
Diah Ayu Aguspa Dita |
title |
Environmental Enrichment and Aerobic Exercise Enhances Spatial Memory and Synaptophysin Expression in Rats |
title_short |
Environmental Enrichment and Aerobic Exercise Enhances Spatial Memory and Synaptophysin Expression in Rats |
title_full |
Environmental Enrichment and Aerobic Exercise Enhances Spatial Memory and Synaptophysin Expression in Rats |
title_fullStr |
Environmental Enrichment and Aerobic Exercise Enhances Spatial Memory and Synaptophysin Expression in Rats |
title_full_unstemmed |
Environmental Enrichment and Aerobic Exercise Enhances Spatial Memory and Synaptophysin Expression in Rats |
title_sort |
environmental enrichment and aerobic exercise enhances spatial memory and synaptophysin expression in rats |
publisher |
Secretariat of The Indonesian Biomedical Journal |
series |
Indonesian Biomedical Journal |
issn |
2085-3297 2355-9179 |
publishDate |
2020-03-01 |
description |
BACKGROUND: Exposure to environmental enrichment has a positive effect on brain function, including improved cognition. Environmental enrichment has many aspects, including social interactions, object stimulations, and physical activities. Exercise and environmental enrichment can be considered to improve cognitive function with different underlying mechanisms. This study aims to compare the effects of environmental enrichment and aerobic exercise at both synaptic and whole-organism levels using synapyophysin as a measure of synaptic physiology and spatial memory as a measure of cognitive function.
METHODS: A six-week in vivo experimental study on 15, 6-month old male Wistar rats randomly divided into three groups (n=5): aerobic group (A), enriched environment group (EE), and enriched with an aerobic or combined group (EEA). All rats were tested four times in the Water-E maze (WEM) task at weeks 0, 2, 4, and 6 of the study. We used immunohistochemistry to determine the synaptophysin expression in hippocampal CA1 region.
RESULTS: Based on synaptophysin immunostaining, there were higher optical density scores for synaptophysin in hippocampal CA1 region following EEA, but there were no statistically significant differences between groups (ANOVA test, p>0.05). The spatial memory test showed there were significantly reduced travel time and total errors from the 2nd and 4th weeks in the EEA group, respectively (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: The combination of enriched environment and aerobic exercise seems to rapidly improve spatial memory and enhances the presynaptic protein, synaptophysin in hippocampal CA1 region.
KEYWORDS: aerobic exercise, environmental enrichment, spatial memory, synaptophysin, Water-E maze |
url |
https://inabj.org/index.php/ibj/article/view/945 |
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