Urinary Metabolomic Markers of Protein Glycation, Oxidation, and Nitration in Early-Stage Decline in Metabolic, Vascular, and Renal Health
Glycation, oxidation, nitration, and crosslinking of proteins are implicated in the pathogenic mechanisms of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. Related modified amino acids formed by proteolysis are excreted in urine. We quantified urinary levels of these metabolite...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Hindawi Limited
2019-01-01
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Series: | Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4851323 |