Comparison of venom from wild and long-term captive Gloydius caucasicus and the neutralization capacity of antivenom produced in rabbits immunized with captive venom
Gloydius caucasicus (NIKOLSKY, 1916) is a member of the Viperidae family in Iran.Comprehensive understanding of the toxigenic characteristics of snake venom is important for clinical monitoring of snakebite patients and effective therapy. We compared the toxic activities of venoms and the neutraliza...
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doaj-8436d4b8149b44a3867d9af0a402a1e52021-01-05T09:21:59ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402020-12-01612e05717Comparison of venom from wild and long-term captive Gloydius caucasicus and the neutralization capacity of antivenom produced in rabbits immunized with captive venomFatemeh Rasoulinasab0Masoumeh Rasoulinasab1Delavar Shahbazzadeh2Atefeh Asadi3Mohammad Kaboli4Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, IranDepartment of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 69, Pasteur Ave, Tehran, IranBiotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 69, Pasteur Ave, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding author.CEFE, University of Montpellier, University of Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, PSL-EPHE (Biogéographie et Ecologie des Vertébrés), CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, FranceDepartment of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran; Corresponding author.Gloydius caucasicus (NIKOLSKY, 1916) is a member of the Viperidae family in Iran.Comprehensive understanding of the toxigenic characteristics of snake venom is important for clinical monitoring of snakebite patients and effective therapy. We compared the toxic activities of venoms and the neutralization capacity of antivenoms produced with venoms from wild adult (WA) with long-term captive adult (LCA) of G. caucasicus in order to obtain more effective antivenom from LCA in therapy, and subsequently protect G. caucasicus from overharvesting for its venom, which poses a real threat of extinction for the species. Our results showed that LD50 of WA and LCA were 16.8 μg/dose and 17.7 μg/dose, respectively. Lower hemorrhagic and necrotic (p ≥ 0.05), and higher coagulative and edematogenic activities (p ≤ 0.05) were observed in WA compared with LCA venom. Also, captive-born neonates exhibited weaker toxic activities compared with captive adult snakes, which could be an age-related difference. Study data illustrated that effective capacity of LCA antivenom to neutralize the toxic activities of WA viper venom. According to the results, about 0.4–4 μl of LCA antivenom is required to neutralize the toxic activities of 1 μg of WA venom, indicating its efficacy in treatment of snakebites in humans. On this basis, it is recommended that capture of wild snakes for their venom be discontinued to reduce their future extinction risk.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020325603Gloydius caucasicusCaptiveVenomAntivenomToxicological activityProteomics |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Fatemeh Rasoulinasab Masoumeh Rasoulinasab Delavar Shahbazzadeh Atefeh Asadi Mohammad Kaboli |
spellingShingle |
Fatemeh Rasoulinasab Masoumeh Rasoulinasab Delavar Shahbazzadeh Atefeh Asadi Mohammad Kaboli Comparison of venom from wild and long-term captive Gloydius caucasicus and the neutralization capacity of antivenom produced in rabbits immunized with captive venom Heliyon Gloydius caucasicus Captive Venom Antivenom Toxicological activity Proteomics |
author_facet |
Fatemeh Rasoulinasab Masoumeh Rasoulinasab Delavar Shahbazzadeh Atefeh Asadi Mohammad Kaboli |
author_sort |
Fatemeh Rasoulinasab |
title |
Comparison of venom from wild and long-term captive Gloydius caucasicus and the neutralization capacity of antivenom produced in rabbits immunized with captive venom |
title_short |
Comparison of venom from wild and long-term captive Gloydius caucasicus and the neutralization capacity of antivenom produced in rabbits immunized with captive venom |
title_full |
Comparison of venom from wild and long-term captive Gloydius caucasicus and the neutralization capacity of antivenom produced in rabbits immunized with captive venom |
title_fullStr |
Comparison of venom from wild and long-term captive Gloydius caucasicus and the neutralization capacity of antivenom produced in rabbits immunized with captive venom |
title_full_unstemmed |
Comparison of venom from wild and long-term captive Gloydius caucasicus and the neutralization capacity of antivenom produced in rabbits immunized with captive venom |
title_sort |
comparison of venom from wild and long-term captive gloydius caucasicus and the neutralization capacity of antivenom produced in rabbits immunized with captive venom |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Heliyon |
issn |
2405-8440 |
publishDate |
2020-12-01 |
description |
Gloydius caucasicus (NIKOLSKY, 1916) is a member of the Viperidae family in Iran.Comprehensive understanding of the toxigenic characteristics of snake venom is important for clinical monitoring of snakebite patients and effective therapy. We compared the toxic activities of venoms and the neutralization capacity of antivenoms produced with venoms from wild adult (WA) with long-term captive adult (LCA) of G. caucasicus in order to obtain more effective antivenom from LCA in therapy, and subsequently protect G. caucasicus from overharvesting for its venom, which poses a real threat of extinction for the species. Our results showed that LD50 of WA and LCA were 16.8 μg/dose and 17.7 μg/dose, respectively. Lower hemorrhagic and necrotic (p ≥ 0.05), and higher coagulative and edematogenic activities (p ≤ 0.05) were observed in WA compared with LCA venom. Also, captive-born neonates exhibited weaker toxic activities compared with captive adult snakes, which could be an age-related difference. Study data illustrated that effective capacity of LCA antivenom to neutralize the toxic activities of WA viper venom. According to the results, about 0.4–4 μl of LCA antivenom is required to neutralize the toxic activities of 1 μg of WA venom, indicating its efficacy in treatment of snakebites in humans. On this basis, it is recommended that capture of wild snakes for their venom be discontinued to reduce their future extinction risk. |
topic |
Gloydius caucasicus Captive Venom Antivenom Toxicological activity Proteomics |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020325603 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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