Mycotoxin Analysis of Human Urine by LC-MS/MS: A Comparative Extraction Study
The lower mycotoxin levels detected in urine make the development of sensitive and accurate analytical methods essential. Three extraction methods, namely salting-out liquid–liquid extraction (SALLE), miniQuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe), and dispersive liquid–liquid microe...
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doaj-849ddbe781514a30bbe907910f81653b2020-11-24T22:16:31ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512017-10-0191033010.3390/toxins9100330toxins9100330Mycotoxin Analysis of Human Urine by LC-MS/MS: A Comparative Extraction StudyLaura Escrivá0Lara Manyes1Guillermina Font2Houda Berrada3Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, SpainLaboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, SpainLaboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, SpainLaboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot, SpainThe lower mycotoxin levels detected in urine make the development of sensitive and accurate analytical methods essential. Three extraction methods, namely salting-out liquid–liquid extraction (SALLE), miniQuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe), and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME), were evaluated and compared based on analytical parameters for the quantitative LC-MS/MS measurement of 11 mycotoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, OTA, ZEA, BEA, EN A, EN B, EN A1 and EN B1) in human urine. DLLME was selected as the most appropriate methodology, as it produced better validation results for recovery (79–113%), reproducibility (RSDs < 12%), and repeatability (RSDs < 15%) than miniQuEChERS (71–109%, RSDs <14% and <24%, respectively) and SALLE (70–108%, RSDs < 14% and < 24%, respectively). Moreover, the lowest detection (LODS) and quantitation limits (LOQS) were achieved with DLLME (LODs: 0.005–2 μg L−1, LOQs: 0.1–4 μg L−1). DLLME methodology was used for the analysis of 10 real urine samples from healthy volunteers showing the presence of ENs B, B1 and A1 at low concentrations.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/9/10/330mycotoxinsurineoptimizationmethod validationLC-MS/MS |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Laura Escrivá Lara Manyes Guillermina Font Houda Berrada |
spellingShingle |
Laura Escrivá Lara Manyes Guillermina Font Houda Berrada Mycotoxin Analysis of Human Urine by LC-MS/MS: A Comparative Extraction Study Toxins mycotoxins urine optimization method validation LC-MS/MS |
author_facet |
Laura Escrivá Lara Manyes Guillermina Font Houda Berrada |
author_sort |
Laura Escrivá |
title |
Mycotoxin Analysis of Human Urine by LC-MS/MS: A Comparative Extraction Study |
title_short |
Mycotoxin Analysis of Human Urine by LC-MS/MS: A Comparative Extraction Study |
title_full |
Mycotoxin Analysis of Human Urine by LC-MS/MS: A Comparative Extraction Study |
title_fullStr |
Mycotoxin Analysis of Human Urine by LC-MS/MS: A Comparative Extraction Study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mycotoxin Analysis of Human Urine by LC-MS/MS: A Comparative Extraction Study |
title_sort |
mycotoxin analysis of human urine by lc-ms/ms: a comparative extraction study |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Toxins |
issn |
2072-6651 |
publishDate |
2017-10-01 |
description |
The lower mycotoxin levels detected in urine make the development of sensitive and accurate analytical methods essential. Three extraction methods, namely salting-out liquid–liquid extraction (SALLE), miniQuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe), and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME), were evaluated and compared based on analytical parameters for the quantitative LC-MS/MS measurement of 11 mycotoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, OTA, ZEA, BEA, EN A, EN B, EN A1 and EN B1) in human urine. DLLME was selected as the most appropriate methodology, as it produced better validation results for recovery (79–113%), reproducibility (RSDs < 12%), and repeatability (RSDs < 15%) than miniQuEChERS (71–109%, RSDs <14% and <24%, respectively) and SALLE (70–108%, RSDs < 14% and < 24%, respectively). Moreover, the lowest detection (LODS) and quantitation limits (LOQS) were achieved with DLLME (LODs: 0.005–2 μg L−1, LOQs: 0.1–4 μg L−1). DLLME methodology was used for the analysis of 10 real urine samples from healthy volunteers showing the presence of ENs B, B1 and A1 at low concentrations. |
topic |
mycotoxins urine optimization method validation LC-MS/MS |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/9/10/330 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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