900 MHz Radiofrequency Field Induces Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response in Mouse Bone Marrow Stem Cells
Objective: To examine whether exposure of mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields used in mobile communication devices can induce mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt).Methods: BMSCs were exposed to continuous wave 900 MHz radiofrequency fields (RF) at 120 μ...
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-08-01
|
Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.724239/full |
id |
doaj-850bf65e10284f0f9dc58896f5908007 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-850bf65e10284f0f9dc58896f59080072021-08-26T05:26:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652021-08-01910.3389/fpubh.2021.724239724239900 MHz Radiofrequency Field Induces Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response in Mouse Bone Marrow Stem CellsWen Xie0Wen Xie1Rui Xu2Rui Xu3Caiyun Fan4Caiyun Fan5Chunyu Yang6Chunyu Yang7Haiyan Chen8Haiyan Chen9Yi Cao10Yi Cao11Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou, ChinaDepartment of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou, ChinaDepartment of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou, ChinaDepartment of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou, ChinaDepartment of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou, ChinaDepartment of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Suzhou, ChinaObjective: To examine whether exposure of mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields used in mobile communication devices can induce mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt).Methods: BMSCs were exposed to continuous wave 900 MHz radiofrequency fields (RF) at 120 μW/cm2 power intensity for 4 h/d for 5 consecutive days. Cells in sham group (SH) were cultured in RF exposure system, but without RF radiation. The positive control cells were irradiated with 6 Gy X-ray at a dose rate of 1.103 Gy/min (XR). To inhibit the upstream molecular JNK2 of UPRmt, cells in siRNA + RF, and siRNA + XR group were also pretreated with 100 nM siRNA-JNK2 for 48 h before RF/XR exposure. Thirty minutes, 4 h, and 24 h post-RF/XR exposure, cells were collected, the level of ROS was measured with flow cytometry, the expression levels of UPRmt-related proteins were detected using western blot analysis.Results: Compared with Sham group, the level of ROS in RF and XR group was significantly increased 30 min and 4 h post-RF/XR exposure (P < 0.05), however, the RF/XR-induced increase of ROS level reversed 24 h post-RF/XR exposure. Compared with Sham group, the expression levels of HSP10/HSP60/ClpP proteins in cells of RF and XR group increased significantly 30 min and 4 h post-RF/XR exposure (P < 0.05), however, the RF/XR-induced increase of HSP10/HSP60/ClpP protein levels reversed 24 h post-RF exposure. After interfering with siRNA-JNK2, the RF/XR exposures could not induce the increase of HSP10/HSP60/ClpP protein levels any more.Conclusions: The exposure of 900 MHz RF at 120 μW/cm2 power flux density could increase ROS level and activate a transient UPRmt in BMSC cells. Mitochondrial homeostasis in term of protein folding ability is restored 24 h post-RF exposure. Exposure to RF in our experimental condition did not cause permanent and severe mitochondrial dysfunctions. However, the detailed underlying molecular mechanism of RF-induced UPRmt remains to be further studied.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.724239/fullmitochondriaradiofrequency fieldsunfolded protein responsereactive oxygen speciesmicrowaveheat shock protein |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Wen Xie Wen Xie Rui Xu Rui Xu Caiyun Fan Caiyun Fan Chunyu Yang Chunyu Yang Haiyan Chen Haiyan Chen Yi Cao Yi Cao |
spellingShingle |
Wen Xie Wen Xie Rui Xu Rui Xu Caiyun Fan Caiyun Fan Chunyu Yang Chunyu Yang Haiyan Chen Haiyan Chen Yi Cao Yi Cao 900 MHz Radiofrequency Field Induces Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response in Mouse Bone Marrow Stem Cells Frontiers in Public Health mitochondria radiofrequency fields unfolded protein response reactive oxygen species microwave heat shock protein |
author_facet |
Wen Xie Wen Xie Rui Xu Rui Xu Caiyun Fan Caiyun Fan Chunyu Yang Chunyu Yang Haiyan Chen Haiyan Chen Yi Cao Yi Cao |
author_sort |
Wen Xie |
title |
900 MHz Radiofrequency Field Induces Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response in Mouse Bone Marrow Stem Cells |
title_short |
900 MHz Radiofrequency Field Induces Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response in Mouse Bone Marrow Stem Cells |
title_full |
900 MHz Radiofrequency Field Induces Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response in Mouse Bone Marrow Stem Cells |
title_fullStr |
900 MHz Radiofrequency Field Induces Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response in Mouse Bone Marrow Stem Cells |
title_full_unstemmed |
900 MHz Radiofrequency Field Induces Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response in Mouse Bone Marrow Stem Cells |
title_sort |
900 mhz radiofrequency field induces mitochondrial unfolded protein response in mouse bone marrow stem cells |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Public Health |
issn |
2296-2565 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
Objective: To examine whether exposure of mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields used in mobile communication devices can induce mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt).Methods: BMSCs were exposed to continuous wave 900 MHz radiofrequency fields (RF) at 120 μW/cm2 power intensity for 4 h/d for 5 consecutive days. Cells in sham group (SH) were cultured in RF exposure system, but without RF radiation. The positive control cells were irradiated with 6 Gy X-ray at a dose rate of 1.103 Gy/min (XR). To inhibit the upstream molecular JNK2 of UPRmt, cells in siRNA + RF, and siRNA + XR group were also pretreated with 100 nM siRNA-JNK2 for 48 h before RF/XR exposure. Thirty minutes, 4 h, and 24 h post-RF/XR exposure, cells were collected, the level of ROS was measured with flow cytometry, the expression levels of UPRmt-related proteins were detected using western blot analysis.Results: Compared with Sham group, the level of ROS in RF and XR group was significantly increased 30 min and 4 h post-RF/XR exposure (P < 0.05), however, the RF/XR-induced increase of ROS level reversed 24 h post-RF/XR exposure. Compared with Sham group, the expression levels of HSP10/HSP60/ClpP proteins in cells of RF and XR group increased significantly 30 min and 4 h post-RF/XR exposure (P < 0.05), however, the RF/XR-induced increase of HSP10/HSP60/ClpP protein levels reversed 24 h post-RF exposure. After interfering with siRNA-JNK2, the RF/XR exposures could not induce the increase of HSP10/HSP60/ClpP protein levels any more.Conclusions: The exposure of 900 MHz RF at 120 μW/cm2 power flux density could increase ROS level and activate a transient UPRmt in BMSC cells. Mitochondrial homeostasis in term of protein folding ability is restored 24 h post-RF exposure. Exposure to RF in our experimental condition did not cause permanent and severe mitochondrial dysfunctions. However, the detailed underlying molecular mechanism of RF-induced UPRmt remains to be further studied. |
topic |
mitochondria radiofrequency fields unfolded protein response reactive oxygen species microwave heat shock protein |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.724239/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT wenxie 900mhzradiofrequencyfieldinducesmitochondrialunfoldedproteinresponseinmousebonemarrowstemcells AT wenxie 900mhzradiofrequencyfieldinducesmitochondrialunfoldedproteinresponseinmousebonemarrowstemcells AT ruixu 900mhzradiofrequencyfieldinducesmitochondrialunfoldedproteinresponseinmousebonemarrowstemcells AT ruixu 900mhzradiofrequencyfieldinducesmitochondrialunfoldedproteinresponseinmousebonemarrowstemcells AT caiyunfan 900mhzradiofrequencyfieldinducesmitochondrialunfoldedproteinresponseinmousebonemarrowstemcells AT caiyunfan 900mhzradiofrequencyfieldinducesmitochondrialunfoldedproteinresponseinmousebonemarrowstemcells AT chunyuyang 900mhzradiofrequencyfieldinducesmitochondrialunfoldedproteinresponseinmousebonemarrowstemcells AT chunyuyang 900mhzradiofrequencyfieldinducesmitochondrialunfoldedproteinresponseinmousebonemarrowstemcells AT haiyanchen 900mhzradiofrequencyfieldinducesmitochondrialunfoldedproteinresponseinmousebonemarrowstemcells AT haiyanchen 900mhzradiofrequencyfieldinducesmitochondrialunfoldedproteinresponseinmousebonemarrowstemcells AT yicao 900mhzradiofrequencyfieldinducesmitochondrialunfoldedproteinresponseinmousebonemarrowstemcells AT yicao 900mhzradiofrequencyfieldinducesmitochondrialunfoldedproteinresponseinmousebonemarrowstemcells |
_version_ |
1721196009278668800 |