Connection between the Altered HDL Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties and the Risk to Develop Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review
The protein composition of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is extremely fluid. The quantity and quality of protein constituents drive the multiple biological functions of these lipoproteins, which include the ability to contrast atherogenesis, sustained inflammation, and toxic effects of reactive spe...
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Series: | Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6695796 |
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doaj-851cb4e32c744c23ad39c3f92af49b042021-02-15T12:53:11ZengHindawi LimitedOxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity1942-09001942-09942021-01-01202110.1155/2021/66957966695796Connection between the Altered HDL Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties and the Risk to Develop Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative ReviewFrancesca Zimetti0Maria Pia Adorni1Judit Marsillach2Cinzia Marchi3Alessandro Trentini4Giuseppe Valacchi5Carlo Cervellati6Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma 43124, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neurosciences, University of Parma, Parma 43121, ItalyDepartment of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USADepartment of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma 43124, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, ItalyDepartment of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalyThe protein composition of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is extremely fluid. The quantity and quality of protein constituents drive the multiple biological functions of these lipoproteins, which include the ability to contrast atherogenesis, sustained inflammation, and toxic effects of reactive species. Several diseases where inflammation and oxidative stress participate in the pathogenetic process are characterized by perturbation in the HDL proteome. This change inevitably affects the functionality of the lipoprotein. An enlightening example in this frame comes from the literature on Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Growing lines of epidemiological evidence suggest that loss of HDL-associated proteins, such as lipoprotein phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPx-3), and paraoxonase-1 and paraoxonase-3 (PON1, PON3), may be a feature of AD, even at the early stage. Moreover, the decrease in these enzymes with antioxidant/defensive action appears to be accompanied by a parallel increase of prooxidant and proinflammatory mediators, in particular myeloperoxidase (MPO) and serum amyloid A (SAA). This type of derangement of balance between two opposite forces makes HDL dysfunctional, i.e., unable to exert its “natural” vasculoprotective property. In this review, we summarized and critically analyzed the most significant findings linking HDL accessory proteins and AD. We also discuss the most convincing hypothesis explaining the mechanism by which an observed systemic occurrence may have repercussions in the brain.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6695796 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Francesca Zimetti Maria Pia Adorni Judit Marsillach Cinzia Marchi Alessandro Trentini Giuseppe Valacchi Carlo Cervellati |
spellingShingle |
Francesca Zimetti Maria Pia Adorni Judit Marsillach Cinzia Marchi Alessandro Trentini Giuseppe Valacchi Carlo Cervellati Connection between the Altered HDL Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties and the Risk to Develop Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity |
author_facet |
Francesca Zimetti Maria Pia Adorni Judit Marsillach Cinzia Marchi Alessandro Trentini Giuseppe Valacchi Carlo Cervellati |
author_sort |
Francesca Zimetti |
title |
Connection between the Altered HDL Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties and the Risk to Develop Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review |
title_short |
Connection between the Altered HDL Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties and the Risk to Develop Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review |
title_full |
Connection between the Altered HDL Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties and the Risk to Develop Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review |
title_fullStr |
Connection between the Altered HDL Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties and the Risk to Develop Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review |
title_full_unstemmed |
Connection between the Altered HDL Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties and the Risk to Develop Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review |
title_sort |
connection between the altered hdl antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and the risk to develop alzheimer’s disease: a narrative review |
publisher |
Hindawi Limited |
series |
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity |
issn |
1942-0900 1942-0994 |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
The protein composition of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is extremely fluid. The quantity and quality of protein constituents drive the multiple biological functions of these lipoproteins, which include the ability to contrast atherogenesis, sustained inflammation, and toxic effects of reactive species. Several diseases where inflammation and oxidative stress participate in the pathogenetic process are characterized by perturbation in the HDL proteome. This change inevitably affects the functionality of the lipoprotein. An enlightening example in this frame comes from the literature on Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Growing lines of epidemiological evidence suggest that loss of HDL-associated proteins, such as lipoprotein phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPx-3), and paraoxonase-1 and paraoxonase-3 (PON1, PON3), may be a feature of AD, even at the early stage. Moreover, the decrease in these enzymes with antioxidant/defensive action appears to be accompanied by a parallel increase of prooxidant and proinflammatory mediators, in particular myeloperoxidase (MPO) and serum amyloid A (SAA). This type of derangement of balance between two opposite forces makes HDL dysfunctional, i.e., unable to exert its “natural” vasculoprotective property. In this review, we summarized and critically analyzed the most significant findings linking HDL accessory proteins and AD. We also discuss the most convincing hypothesis explaining the mechanism by which an observed systemic occurrence may have repercussions in the brain. |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6695796 |
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