Clinical and molecular spectrum of 46,XY disorders of sex development that harbour MAMLD1 variations: case series and review of literature
Abstract Background Mastermind-like domain-containing 1 (MAMLD1) has previously been identified as a causative gene for “46,XY Disorders of Sex Development (DSD)”. Recently, there has been some controversy regarding the causative role of MAMLD1 variations in DSDs. Here we describe a clinical series...
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doaj-858bed99bc3c458cbffe1a96473d982f2020-11-25T03:22:49ZengBMCOrphanet Journal of Rare Diseases1750-11722020-07-011511910.1186/s13023-020-01459-9Clinical and molecular spectrum of 46,XY disorders of sex development that harbour MAMLD1 variations: case series and review of literatureLele Li0Chang Su1Lijun Fan2Fenqi Gao3Xuejun Liang4Chunxiu Gong5Department of Endocrinology, Genetics, Metabolism and Adolescent Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital, the Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s HealthDepartment of Endocrinology, Genetics, Metabolism and Adolescent Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital, the Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s HealthDepartment of Endocrinology, Genetics, Metabolism and Adolescent Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital, the Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s HealthDepartment of Endocrinology, Genetics, Metabolism and Adolescent Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital, the Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s HealthDepartment of Endocrinology, Genetics, Metabolism and Adolescent Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital, the Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s HealthDepartment of Endocrinology, Genetics, Metabolism and Adolescent Medicine, Beijing Children’s Hospital, the Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s HealthAbstract Background Mastermind-like domain-containing 1 (MAMLD1) has previously been identified as a causative gene for “46,XY Disorders of Sex Development (DSD)”. Recently, there has been some controversy regarding the causative role of MAMLD1 variations in DSDs. Here we describe a clinical series and review the reported cases to evaluate the role of MAMLD1 variants in children with 46,XY DSD. Cases of 46,XY DSD harbouring MAMLD1 variants from unrelated families were recruited from the Beijing Children’s Hospital in China (N = 10) or identified through a literature search (N = 26). The clinical manifestations and genetic variants of all the patients were evaluated. Results Hypospadias was the most prevalent phenotype among our 10 cases (8 out of 10 cases) and in all the previously reported ones. Central precocious puberty and isolated micropenis were observed for the first time. Among the 10 cases, nine variants were identified, including three nonsense (p.R356X, p.Q152X, and p.Q124X) and six missense (p.P334S, p.S662R, p.A421P,p.T992I, p.P542S, and p.R927L) variants. In silico analysis showed that the variants p.P334S, p.P542S, p.S662R, and p.R927Lmight lead to drastic changes in the interaction force of the amino acid chain and the flexibility of the spatial structure, and such changes may affect protein function. Conclusion Patients with 46,XY DSD harbouring MAMLD1variants manifest a broad spectrum of phenotypes and mostly present with hypospadias. The six novel variants reported here enrich the mutation database and contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of 46,XY DSD.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13023-020-01459-9MAMLD1HypospadiasDisorders of sex development |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Lele Li Chang Su Lijun Fan Fenqi Gao Xuejun Liang Chunxiu Gong |
spellingShingle |
Lele Li Chang Su Lijun Fan Fenqi Gao Xuejun Liang Chunxiu Gong Clinical and molecular spectrum of 46,XY disorders of sex development that harbour MAMLD1 variations: case series and review of literature Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases MAMLD1 Hypospadias Disorders of sex development |
author_facet |
Lele Li Chang Su Lijun Fan Fenqi Gao Xuejun Liang Chunxiu Gong |
author_sort |
Lele Li |
title |
Clinical and molecular spectrum of 46,XY disorders of sex development that harbour MAMLD1 variations: case series and review of literature |
title_short |
Clinical and molecular spectrum of 46,XY disorders of sex development that harbour MAMLD1 variations: case series and review of literature |
title_full |
Clinical and molecular spectrum of 46,XY disorders of sex development that harbour MAMLD1 variations: case series and review of literature |
title_fullStr |
Clinical and molecular spectrum of 46,XY disorders of sex development that harbour MAMLD1 variations: case series and review of literature |
title_full_unstemmed |
Clinical and molecular spectrum of 46,XY disorders of sex development that harbour MAMLD1 variations: case series and review of literature |
title_sort |
clinical and molecular spectrum of 46,xy disorders of sex development that harbour mamld1 variations: case series and review of literature |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases |
issn |
1750-1172 |
publishDate |
2020-07-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Mastermind-like domain-containing 1 (MAMLD1) has previously been identified as a causative gene for “46,XY Disorders of Sex Development (DSD)”. Recently, there has been some controversy regarding the causative role of MAMLD1 variations in DSDs. Here we describe a clinical series and review the reported cases to evaluate the role of MAMLD1 variants in children with 46,XY DSD. Cases of 46,XY DSD harbouring MAMLD1 variants from unrelated families were recruited from the Beijing Children’s Hospital in China (N = 10) or identified through a literature search (N = 26). The clinical manifestations and genetic variants of all the patients were evaluated. Results Hypospadias was the most prevalent phenotype among our 10 cases (8 out of 10 cases) and in all the previously reported ones. Central precocious puberty and isolated micropenis were observed for the first time. Among the 10 cases, nine variants were identified, including three nonsense (p.R356X, p.Q152X, and p.Q124X) and six missense (p.P334S, p.S662R, p.A421P,p.T992I, p.P542S, and p.R927L) variants. In silico analysis showed that the variants p.P334S, p.P542S, p.S662R, and p.R927Lmight lead to drastic changes in the interaction force of the amino acid chain and the flexibility of the spatial structure, and such changes may affect protein function. Conclusion Patients with 46,XY DSD harbouring MAMLD1variants manifest a broad spectrum of phenotypes and mostly present with hypospadias. The six novel variants reported here enrich the mutation database and contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of 46,XY DSD. |
topic |
MAMLD1 Hypospadias Disorders of sex development |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13023-020-01459-9 |
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