Uraga grahonmada: Extrapyramidal movement disorder?/Tourette syndrome-plus?

• Main Authors: Prasad Mamidi, Kshama Gupta
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2018-01-01
• Series: Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research KLEU
• Subjects: Ayurveda; extrapyramidal movement disorder; obsessive-compulsive features; tics; Tourette syndrome; Uraga grahonmada
• Online Access: http://www.ijournalhs.org/article.asp?issn=2542-6214;year=2018;volume=11;issue=3;spage=215;epage=221;aulast=Mamidi

Uraga/Sarpa/Bhujaga grahonmada (UG) is one among the 18 types of bhootonmada. Bhootonmada denotes a category of psychiatric/neuropsychiatric conditions assumed to be caused by affliction of evil spirits (bhuta/graha). Till date, no studies have been conducted on UG and it is unexplored. The present study is focused on the better understanding of UG and its clinical applicability. UG is characterized by features of Krodhanam (aggressiveness/impulsivity), Nishwasantam (hyperventilation/anxiety/phobia), Bhramantam (agitation/restlessness/hyperactivity), Trasyantam (startle response/hyperekplexia/anxiety/phobia), Raktaaksha (red eyes/Kayser–Fleischer rings), Stabdha drishtim (prolonged staring/abnormal eye movements), Jihwa lolayantam/Srikkinyau lihaan (facial tics), Sarpavat prasarati/Adhomukha shaayinam (athetosis/chorea/motor tics/opisthotonus), Chalam/Vakra gamanam (gait abnormalities), Ksheera, ghrita, guda, and madhu priyam (craving for sweets), Snaana maalya priyam (obsessive-compulsive features), Gaatraani kampayantam (tremors/motor tics/seizures), Dantai khaadantam (self-injurious behaviors/oromandibular dystonia/bruxism), Nidraalu (hypersomnia/excessive daytime sleepiness), etc.. The clinical picture of UG shows similarity with various “extrapyramidal movement disorders” and also with “Tourette syndrome-plus.”