Regulation of 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4 Isomerase: A Review
This review focuses on the expression and regulation of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4 isomerase (3β-HSD), with emphasis on the porcine version. 3β-HSD is often associated with steroidogenesis, but its function in the metabolism of both steroids and xenobiotics is more obscure. Based on curre...
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doaj-85cdde5dca4f475b9b87a5333800928e2020-11-25T01:00:28ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672013-09-01149179261794210.3390/ijms140917926Regulation of 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4 Isomerase: A ReviewGalia ZamaratskaiaBo EkstrandMartin Krøyer RasmussenThis review focuses on the expression and regulation of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4 isomerase (3β-HSD), with emphasis on the porcine version. 3β-HSD is often associated with steroidogenesis, but its function in the metabolism of both steroids and xenobiotics is more obscure. Based on currently available literature covering humans, rodents and pigs, this review provides an overview of the present knowledge concerning the regulatory mechanisms for 3β-HSD at all omic levels. The HSD isoenzymes are essential in steroid hormone metabolism, both in the synthesis and degradation of steroids. They display tissue-specific expression and factors influencing their activity, which therefore indicates their tissue-specific responses. 3β-HSD is involved in the synthesis of a number of natural steroid hormones, including progesterone and testosterone, and the hepatic degradation of the pheromone androstenone. In general, a number of signaling and regulatory pathways have been demonstrated to influence 3β-HSD transcription and activity, e.g., JAK-STAT, LH/hCG, ERα, AR, SF-1 and PPARα. The expression and enzymic activity of 3β-HSD are also influenced by external factors, such as dietary composition. Much of the research conducted on porcine 3β-HSD is motivated by its importance for the occurrence of the boar taint phenomenon that results from high concentrations of steroids such as androstenone. This topic is also examined in this review.http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/14/9/17926hydroxysteroid dehydrogenasepigboar taintexpressionsteroid hormonesmetabolism |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Galia Zamaratskaia Bo Ekstrand Martin Krøyer Rasmussen |
spellingShingle |
Galia Zamaratskaia Bo Ekstrand Martin Krøyer Rasmussen Regulation of 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4 Isomerase: A Review International Journal of Molecular Sciences hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase pig boar taint expression steroid hormones metabolism |
author_facet |
Galia Zamaratskaia Bo Ekstrand Martin Krøyer Rasmussen |
author_sort |
Galia Zamaratskaia |
title |
Regulation of 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4 Isomerase: A Review |
title_short |
Regulation of 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4 Isomerase: A Review |
title_full |
Regulation of 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4 Isomerase: A Review |
title_fullStr |
Regulation of 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4 Isomerase: A Review |
title_full_unstemmed |
Regulation of 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4 Isomerase: A Review |
title_sort |
regulation of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/δ5-δ4 isomerase: a review |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2013-09-01 |
description |
This review focuses on the expression and regulation of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4 isomerase (3β-HSD), with emphasis on the porcine version. 3β-HSD is often associated with steroidogenesis, but its function in the metabolism of both steroids and xenobiotics is more obscure. Based on currently available literature covering humans, rodents and pigs, this review provides an overview of the present knowledge concerning the regulatory mechanisms for 3β-HSD at all omic levels. The HSD isoenzymes are essential in steroid hormone metabolism, both in the synthesis and degradation of steroids. They display tissue-specific expression and factors influencing their activity, which therefore indicates their tissue-specific responses. 3β-HSD is involved in the synthesis of a number of natural steroid hormones, including progesterone and testosterone, and the hepatic degradation of the pheromone androstenone. In general, a number of signaling and regulatory pathways have been demonstrated to influence 3β-HSD transcription and activity, e.g., JAK-STAT, LH/hCG, ERα, AR, SF-1 and PPARα. The expression and enzymic activity of 3β-HSD are also influenced by external factors, such as dietary composition. Much of the research conducted on porcine 3β-HSD is motivated by its importance for the occurrence of the boar taint phenomenon that results from high concentrations of steroids such as androstenone. This topic is also examined in this review. |
topic |
hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase pig boar taint expression steroid hormones metabolism |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/14/9/17926 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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