Sensory Processing and Aggressive Behavior in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

• Main Authors: Frank van den Boogert, Bram Sizoo, Pascalle Spaan, Sharon Tolstra, Yvonne H. A. Bouman, Witte J. G. Hoogendijk, Sabine J. Roza
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-01-01
• Series: Brain Sciences
• Subjects: sensory processing; sensory profile; aggression; aggressive behavior; autism spectrum disorder
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/1/95

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be accompanied by aggressive behavior and is associated with sensory processing difficulties. The present study aims to investigate the direct association between sensory processing and aggressive behavior in adults with ASD. A total of 101 Dutch adult participants with ASD, treated in outpatient or inpatient facilities, completed the Adult/Adolescent Sensory Profile (AASP), the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ), and the Aggression Questionnaire—Short Form (AQ-SF). Results revealed that sensory processing difficulties are associated with more aggressive behavior (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>f</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0.25</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), more proactive (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>f</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0.19</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and reactive aggression (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>f</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0.27</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), more physical (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>f</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0.08</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and verbal aggression (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>f</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0.13</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), and more anger (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>f</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0.20</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and hostility (<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>f</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0.12</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). Evidence was found for an interaction of the neurological threshold and behavioral response on total aggression and hostility. Participants with higher scores in comparison to the norm group in sensory sensitivity had the highest risk of aggressive behavior. In conclusion, clinical practice may benefit from applying detailed diagnostics on sensory processing difficulties when treating aggressive behavior in adults with ASD.